A new accurate and flexible index to assess the contribution of building materials to indoor gamma exposure

Nuccetelli, Cristina; Leonardi, Federica; Trevisi, Rosabianca

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.02.011

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Very recently a new tool to screen building materials as gamma ray source and accounting for density and thickness of building materials was published (Nuccetelli et al, 2015). Its structure is similar to the general expression (see Eq.…”

Section: Screening Tool I(ρd)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Legislative aspects

Nuccetelli¹,

Trevisi

Vanhoudt

et al. 2017

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Construction

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Section: Screening Tool I(ρd)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Legislative aspects

Nuccetelli¹,

Trevisi

Vanhoudt

et al. 2017

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Construction

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“…It is important to note that the calculation of the I-index only allows for a conservative screening. To more accurately predict the dose contribution as a result of recycled building materials in a given building, the thickness and the density also have to be taken into consideration (Nuccetelli et al, 2015). .A recently published dose model (Croymans et al, 2017a) with expanded gamma lines from NORs is applicable in non-standard rooms.…”

Section: Activity Concentration Index (I-index)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological characterisation of alkali-activated construction materials containing red mud, fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag

Sas¹,

Sha

Soutsos

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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This study characterises the Naturally Occurring Radionuclides (NORs) content of a suite of secondary raw materials or industrial residues that are normally disposed of in landfills or lagoons but now are increasingly used in green concretes. This includes ashes from a variety of industrial processes and red mud from aluminium production, as well as air pollution control residue and cement kiln dust. The chemical composition of the samples was determined with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 activity concentrations were obtained by gamma spectrometry, and the results were compared with recently published NOR databases. The correlation between the NOR content and the main chemical 2 composition was investigated. The radioactive equilibrium in the U-238 chain was studied based on the determination of progeny isotopes. The most commonly used calculation methods (activity concentration index and radium equivalent concentration) were applied to classify the samples. The radon exhalation rate of the samples was measured, and the radon emanation coefficient was calculated. Significant correlation was found between the NORs and certain chemical components. The massic exhalation demonstrated a broad range, and it was found that the emanation coefficients were significantly lower in the case of the residues generated as a result of high-temperature combustion processes. The results showed that a weak correlation between the Ra-226 concentration and the radon exhalation. This emphasizes that managing the Ra-226 content of recycled material by itself is not sufficient to control the radon exhalation of recycled materials used in building products. The investigated parameters and their correlation behaviour could be used to source apportion materials found during the process of landfill mining and recovery of material for recycling.

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“…In the European Union to control the gamma-exposure originating from building materials, the I-index is recommended for the member states to screen a defined list of materials when they are used in buildings [27]. Building products with an index larger than one the real criterion, exposure relative to the reference level (<1 mSv/y), need to be verified and other parameters such as the density, the thickness of the material and their inbuilt (bulk amount or superficial) should be taken into account [28,27].…”

Section: Calculation Of Dose Rate Absorbed Dose Rate and Annual Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological evaluation of by-products used in construction and alternative applications; Part I. Preparation of a natural radioactivity database

Sas

Doherty

Kovács

et al. 2017

Construction and Building Materials

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h i g h l i g h t s Manual datamining was used to gather separately reported sample information. 431 by-products and 1095 construction materials were collected from 48 countries. Ra-226, Th-232 content were 2.00 and 2.11 times higher in the case of by-products. Ra equivalent concentration was 1.86 times higher in the case of by-products. I-index >1.0 in the event of 17% of construction materials; 58% of by-products.

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A new accurate and flexible index to assess the contribution of building materials to indoor gamma exposure

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Legislative aspects

Legislative aspects

Radiological characterisation of alkali-activated construction materials containing red mud, fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag

Radiological evaluation of by-products used in construction and alternative applications; Part I. Preparation of a natural radioactivity database

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