A new 4π geometry optimized for focusing on an atom with a dipole-like radiation pattern

Lindlein, Norbert; Maiwald, Robert; Konermann, Hildegard; Sondermann, Markus; Peschel, Ulf; Leuchs, Gerd

doi:10.1134/s1054660x07070055

Cited by 69 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The optical modes yielding the maximum possible field amplitude at constant input power are electric-dipole modes [2]. These modes have been suggested previously to maximize the interaction of light and single atoms in free space [3][4][5][6]. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time a dipole trap generated with such a mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Optical trapping of nanoparticles by full solid-angle focusing

Salakhutdinov

Sondermann

Carbone

et al. 2016

Optica

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Optical dipole-traps are used in various scientific fields, including classical optics, quantum optics and biophysics. Here, we propose and implement a dipole-trap for nanoparticles that is based on focusing from the full solid angle with a deep parabolic mirror. The key aspect is the generation of a linear-dipole mode which is predicted to provide a tight trapping potential. We demonstrate the trapping of rod-shaped nanoparticles and validate the trapping frequencies to be on the order of the expected ones. The described realization of an optical trap is applicable for various other kinds of solid-state targets. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of optical dipole-traps which simultaneously provide high trap stiffness and allow for efficient interaction of light and matter in free space.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Such an optical element can be realized with a parabolic mirror (PM) that is much deeper than its focal length [5]. As outlined in the next section, optical tweezers based on a dipole wave not only result in a deeper trapping potential, but also in high trap frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical trapping of nanoparticles by full solid-angle focusing

Salakhutdinov

Sondermann

Carbone

et al. 2016

Optica

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“…The success probability of the gate is Pgate = P |ψ − × 8. Increasing the collection solid angle, which can be possible by using parabolic mirrors [23] or microstructured lenses [24], can significantly increase the success probability. Furthermore, the spontaneous emission into free space could be replaced by the induced emission into the small mode volume of a high finesse cavity [25,26] which can reach near unit efficiency.…”

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confidence: 99%

Heralded Quantum Gate between Remote Quantum Memories

et al. 2009

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We demonstrate a probabilistic entangling quantum gate between two distant trapped ytterbium ions. The gate is implemented between the hyperfine "clock" state atomic qubits and mediated by the interference of two emitted photons carrying frequency encoded qubits. Heralded by the coincidence detection of these two photons, the gate has an average fidelity of 90 ± 2%. This entangling gate together with single qubit operations is sufficient to generate large entangled cluster states for scalable quantum computing.PACS numbers: 03.67. Bg, 42.50.Ex, 03.67.Pp The conventional model of quantum computing, the quantum circuit model [1,2], consists of unitary quantum gate operations followed by measurements at the end of the computation process to read out the result. An equivalent model of quantum computation, which may prove easier to implement, is the "one-way" quantum computer [3,4,5], where a highly entangled state of a large collection of qubits is prepared and local operations and projective measurements complete the quantum computation.Experiments with entangled photon states have demonstrated basic quantum operations [6,7] for oneway quantum computation. However, these experiments did not use quantum memories, and the photonic cluster states used as the resource for the computation are based on postselection and cannot easily be scaled [8]. In contrast, large entangled states of quantum memories can be generated using a photon-mediated quantum gate where the number of necessary operations asymptotically scales linearly with the number of nodes [9,10,11]. The successful operation of the gate is heralded by the coincidence detection of two photons. Because the entangling gate is mediated by photons, it can in principle be applied to a wide variety of quantum memories such as trapped ions, neutral atoms in cavities, atomic ensembles or quantum dots.In this Letter, we demonstrate this probabilistic, heralded entangling gate for two ytterbium ions confined in two independent traps separated by one meter. The gate is implemented between the long-lived hyperfine "clock" states and mediated by photons carrying frequency encoded qubits. Unlike the recent demonstration of teleportation between two ions [12], here we demonstrate and characterize the gate for arbitrary quantum states of both qubits, as required for scalable quantum computing. We perform the gate on a full set of input states for both qubits and measure an average fidelity of 90 ± 2%. For the particular case that should result in the antisymmetric Bell state, we perform full tomography of the final state.The gate has many favorable properties. First, the ionsThe experimental apparatus. Two 171 Yb + ions are trapped in identically constructed ion traps separated by one meter. A magnetic field B is applied perpendicular to the excitation and observation axes to define the quantization axis. About 2% of the emitted light from each ion is collected by objective lenses (OL) with numerical aperture of 0.23 and coupled into two single-mode fibers. Polarization co...

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“…Interfacing light with a single atom or ion can be done with probabilistic protocols [5,6,7,8], and hence one can entangle remote quantum processors in a conditional manner [9]. Although progress has been made recently on the free space coupling of a single atom to a focussed single photon field [10,11], light couples more strongly and with a larger degree of directional selectivity to an atomic ensemble, and we shall show in the following that high probability heralded schemes and deterministic schemes are within reach for the coupling of photonic qubits to a small atomic ensemble of few hundred atoms. In contrast to the macroscopic samples [2,3], we suggest to confine the atoms within a 10 µm wide volume so that the Rydberg blockade mechanism [12] can be used for quantum gate operations on collectively encoded qubits [13,14] in different internal states in the atomic ensembles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Few qubit atom-light interfaces with collective encoding

Pedersen

Mølmer

2009

Phys. Rev. A

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Samples with few hundred atoms within a few µm sized region of space are large enough to provide efficient cooperative absorption and emission of light, and small enough to ensure strong dipole-dipole interactions when atoms are excited into high-lying Rydberg states. Based on a recently proposed collective encoding scheme, we propose to build few-qubit quantum registers in such samples. The registers can store and transmit quantum information in the form of single photons, and they can employ entanglement pumping protocols to perform ideally in networks for scalable quantum computing and long distance quantum communication.PACS numbers: 03.67. Lx, 03.67.Pp Physicists are currently exploring the potential of quantum information processing with particular efforts devoted to the construction of practical devices for quantum communication and quantum computing. The most challenging task for quantum communication is to reach long distances, and for quantum computing it is to achieve scalability towards a significant number of controllable quantum bits. A combination of stationary qubits in atoms or other material encoding media and flying qubits in photons, transmitted along wave guides, through optical fibres or free space, is expected to be an important ingredient in the achievement of the ambitious long term goals for quantum information, and interfacing of stationary and flying qubits constitutes a very active field of research. Following the proposal for quantum repeaters based on optically dense media [1], significant progress has been obtained [2,3] on the entanglement of collective qubit degrees of freedom in physically separated atomic samples. These experiments involve large atomic gases, and while errors and imperfections may be detected and "repeat-until-successful" strategies may be employed to secure the formation of entangled states [1,4], effective restoration of quantum information by error correction procedures is difficult to achieve in these systems. The latter problem would be solved by interfacing light with a small quantum processor, allowing oneand two-bit gates among its qubits. Interfacing light with a single atom or ion can be done with probabilistic protocols [5,6,7,8], and hence one can entangle remote quantum processors in a conditional manner [9]. Although progress has been made recently on the free space coupling of a single atom to a focussed single photon field [10,11], light couples more strongly and with a larger degree of directional selectivity to an atomic ensemble, and we shall show in the following that high probability heralded schemes and deterministic schemes are within reach for the coupling of photonic qubits to a small atomic ensemble of few hundred atoms. In contrast to the macroscopic samples [2, 3], we suggest to confine the atoms within a 10 µm wide volume so that the Rydberg blockade mechanism [12] can be used for quantum gate operations on collectively encoded qubits [13,14] in different internal states in the atomic ensembles. It was recently proposed [15] to ...

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A new 4π geometry optimized for focusing on an atom with a dipole-like radiation pattern

Cited by 69 publications

References 33 publications

Optical trapping of nanoparticles by full solid-angle focusing

Optical trapping of nanoparticles by full solid-angle focusing

Heralded Quantum Gate between Remote Quantum Memories

Few qubit atom-light interfaces with collective encoding

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