A New 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid-Conjugating Activity in Tomato Fruit

Martin, Melinda N.; Cohen, Jerry D.; Saftner, Robert A.

doi:10.1104/pp.109.3.917

Cited by 73 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Ethylene may then induce LE-ACS2 which is known to be ethylene-responsive (Lincoln et al, 1993;Rottmann et al, 1991;Yip et al, 1992). ACC could either originate from the minor pool of free ACC present before ozone exposure (Figure 3c) or from the larger pool of conjugated forms (Figure 3d), of which N-malonyl ACC (Kende, 1993) and ?-L-glutamyl ACC (Martin et aL, 1995) have been identified. As described above, significant reductions in the levels of conjugated ACC were found within the first hour of ozone treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone induction of ethylene emission in tomato plants: regulation by differential accumulation of transcripts for the biosynthetic enzymes

et al. 1997

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SummaryStress ethylene emission is positively correlated with ozone sensitivity in various plant species, indicating that ethylene may be involved in the control of ozone damage. This study shows that ozone exposure of tomato plants for 5 h at 85 nl 1-1 and above leads to leaf injury within 24 h. 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) content and ACC synthase activity were accordingly elevated within 1-2 h. Pre-treatment of leaves with inhibitors of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase significantly inhibited the evolution of ethylene and reduced ozone-induced visible damage. Transcript levels for only one out of three SadenosyI-L-methionine (SAM) synthetase genes (SAM3), and one out of four ACC synthase genes (LE-ACS2) were induced by ozone (maximum at 2 h). Treatment with protein kinase (K-252a) and phosphatase inhibitors (calyculin A) revealed that ACC synthase activity was additionally regulated by protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Transcripts of ACC oxidase (pTOM13 cDNA probe) displayed the fastest response of the parameters tested (maximum at 30 min), suggesting a regulatory role for ACC oxidase in ethylene formation of ozone-exposed plants. The results demonstrate a highly selective ozone response by ethylene biosynthetic genes which resembles that of plant-pathogen interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone induction of ethylene emission in tomato plants: regulation by differential accumulation of transcripts for the biosynthetic enzymes

et al. 1997

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“…MACC plus GACC), a portion of the aqueous extract was hydrolyzed in 1.84 N HC1 at 100°C for 3 h and consequently neutralized with NaOH according to the method of Hoffman et al (1983), who originally developed this method for determination of MACC concentrations. Martin et al (1995) showed that GACC also is hydrolyzed by this treatment. ACC was determined using the method described by Lizada and Yang (1979) with internal standardization (standard ACC was from Sigma; standard MACC was a gift from Dr. G.H.L.…”

Section: Determination Of Free and Conjugated Accmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethylene is synthesized from Met via AdoMet and ACC, and the reaction from AdoMet to ACC is catalyzed by ACC synthase. ACC can either be converted to ethylene by ACC oxidase or be conjugated by N-malonyltransferase to MACC (Yang and Hoffman, 1984;Kende, 1993;Zarembinski and Theologis, 1994) or by y-glutamyltranspeptidase to GACC, as was recently discovered in tomato fruit (Martin et al, 1995). It is generally believed that conjugation is irreversible (Hoffman et al, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ethylene Biosynthesis and Accumulation under Drained and Submerged Conditions (A Comparative Study of Two Rumex Species)

et al. 1996

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A model i s presented of the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in relation to submergence and flooding resistance. It is based on time-come measurements of ethylene production, ethylene accumulation, and concentrations of free and conjugated 1 -aminocyclopropane-1 -carboxylic acid (ACC) i n submerged and drained flooding-resistant Rumex palusfris Sm. and flooding-sensitive Rumex acefosella 1. plants. From these data, in vivo reaction rates of the final steps in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway were calculated. According to our model, submergence stimulates ACC formation and inhibits conversion of ACC to ethylene in both Rumex species, and as a result, ACC accumulates. This may explain the stimulated ACC conjugation observed i n submerged plants. Although submergence inhibited ethylene production, physical entrapment increased endogenous ethylene concentrations in both flooding-resistant R. palusfris and flooding-sensitive R. acefosella plants. However, R. palusfris plants controlled their internal ethylene levels i n the long term by a negative regulation of ACC synthase induced by ethylene. In flooding-sensitive R. acefosella plants, absence of negative regulation increased internal ethylene levels to more than 20 p L 1-' after 6 d of submergence. This may accelerate the process of senescence and contribute to their low leve1 of flooding resistance.

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“…Martin, unpublished results). Activity is particularly high in seeds and storage tissues (Lancaster and Shaw, 1994;Martin et al, 1995;Martin and Slovin, 1996;M. Martin, unpublished results).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…␥ GTases are widely distributed in monocots and dicots, and both constitutive and developmentally regulated activities have been reported (Thompson et al, 1962b;Goore and Thompson, 1967;Kean and Hare, 1980;Kasai et al, 1982;Kawasaki et al, 1982;Steinkamp and Rennenberg, 1984;Lancaster and Shaw, 1994;Martin et al, 1995;M. Martin, unpublished results).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purified γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidases from Tomato Exhibit High Affinity for Glutathione and GlutathioneS-Conjugates

Martin

Slovin

2000

Plant Physiology

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␥-Glutamyl transpeptidases (␥ GTases) are the only enzymes known to hydrolyze the unique N-terminal amide bonds of reduced glutathione (␥-L-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine), oxidized glutathione, and glutathione S-conjugates. Two ␥ GTases (I and II) with K m values for glutathione of 110 and 90 M were purified 2,977-fold and 2,152-fold, respectively, from ripe tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) pericarp. Both enzymes also hydrolyze dipeptides and other tripeptides with N-terminal, ␥-linked Glu and the artificial substrates ␥-L-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide and ␥-L-glutamyl(7-amido-4-methylcoumarin). They transfer the glutamyl moiety to water or acceptor amino acids, including L-Met, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Ala, or the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. ␥ GTase I and II were released from a wall and membrane fraction of a tomato fruit extract with 1.0 M NaCl, suggesting that they are peripheral membrane proteins. They were further purified by acetone precipitation, Dye Matrex Green A affinity chromatography, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The two ␥ GTases were resolved by concanavalin A (Con A) affinity chromatography, indicating that they are differentially glycosylated. The native and SDS-denatured forms of both enzymes showed molecular masses of 43 kD.

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A New 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid-Conjugating Activity in Tomato Fruit

Cited by 73 publications

References 35 publications

Ozone induction of ethylene emission in tomato plants: regulation by differential accumulation of transcripts for the biosynthetic enzymes

Ozone induction of ethylene emission in tomato plants: regulation by differential accumulation of transcripts for the biosynthetic enzymes

Ethylene Biosynthesis and Accumulation under Drained and Submerged Conditions (A Comparative Study of Two Rumex Species)

Purified γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidases from Tomato Exhibit High Affinity for Glutathione and GlutathioneS-Conjugates

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