A neuroanatomical model of passivity phenomena

Behrendt, Ralf-Peter

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2004.06.004

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 77 publications

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“…The positive symptoms of schizophrenia often involve delusions, such as persecution and grandiosity, that “reflect individuals' preoccupations about their position in the social universe” (Bentall 2003b, p. 293) in creating complex and fanciful mental autobiographies (Salazar-Fraile et al 2004), and an increased awareness of self and intentionality is found in schizophrenic delusions of control (Frith 2005b). Social and reflexive preoccupations can be described in terms of exaggerated self-consciousness (Sass & Parnas 2003), and indeed, auditory hallucination, thought insertion, and passivity phenomena (e.g., Behrendt 2004; Crow 2004a; 2004b) can be interpreted as functions of a breakdown in cognitive distinction between self and other, as in some spiritual experiences of schizotypal individuals (Brugger 2001). Breakdowns in self-monitoring, such as interpreting inner speech as external, or delusions of control of hand movements, have an apparent neurological basis in impaired ability to self-monitor the coordination of intended (premotor) actions (mainly speech and gesture) with one's current and predicted state (Frith et al 2000; Jones & Fernyhough 2007).…”

Section: Diametric Phenotypes Of Psychosis and Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosis and autism as diametrical disorders of the social brain

Crespi¹,

Badcock²

2008

Behav Brain Sci

473

478

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Autistic-spectrum conditions and psychotic-spectrum conditions (mainly schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression) represent two major suites of disorders of human cognition, affect, and behavior that involve altered development and function of the social brain. We describe evidence that a large set of phenotypic traits exhibit diametrically opposite phenotypes in autistic-spectrum versus psychotic-spectrum conditions, with a focus on schizophrenia. This suite of traits is inter-correlated, in that autism involves a general pattern of constrained overgrowth, whereas schizophrenia involves undergrowth. These disorders also exhibit diametric patterns for traits related to social brain development, including aspects of gaze, agency, social cognition, local versus global processing, language, and behavior. Social cognition is thus underdeveloped in autistic-spectrum conditions and hyper-developed on the psychotic spectrum.We propose and evaluate a novel hypothesis that may help to explain these diametric phenotypes: that the development of these two sets of conditions is mediated in part by alterations of genomic imprinting. Evidence regarding the genetic, physiological, neurological, and psychological underpinnings of psychotic-spectrum conditions supports the hypothesis that the etiologies of these conditions involve biases towards increased relative effects from imprinted genes with maternal expression, which engender a general pattern of undergrowth. By contrast, autistic-spectrum conditions appear to involve increased relative bias towards effects of paternally expressed genes, which mediate overgrowth. This hypothesis provides a simple yet comprehensive theory, grounded in evolutionary biology and genetics, for understanding the causes and phenotypes of autistic-spectrum and psychotic-spectrum conditions. Keywords: autism, cognition, genomic conflict, genomic imprinting, hyper-mentalism, psychosis, schizophrenia People divide roughly, it seems to me, into two kinds, or rather a continuum is stretched between two extremes. There are people people and things people.-W. D. Hamilton (2005, p. 205)

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Section: Diametric Phenotypes Of Psychosis and Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosis and autism as diametrical disorders of the social brain

Crespi¹,

Badcock²

2008

Behav Brain Sci

473

478

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Ich-Störungen — Bildgebung

Leube

Pauly

Neuropsychologie Der Schizophrenie

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A putative implication for fronto-parietal connectivity in out-of-body experiences

Easton

Blanke

Möhr

2009

Cortex

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AutoscopyParanormal experience a b s t r a c t Self-processing has been related to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) as well as to their connectivity. So far, out-of-body experiences (OBEs), impressive transient deviations of intact bodily self-integration, could be associated with the TPJ, but the mediation by the frontal lobe, and thus fronto-parietal connectivity, is yet unknown. Thus, we assessed switching performance to assess fronto-parietal connectivity when healthy participants [11 reported previous OBEs (OBE-individuals); 36 reported no previous OBEs (nOBE-individuals)] performed two different mental own body imagery tasks. By using the same stimuli of a front-facing and back-facing human figure, a cue simultaneously presented with the target indicated to participants whether they had to take the position of the depicted human figure (disembodied self-location mimicking an OBE) or had to imagine that the figure was their own reflection in a mirror (embodied Selflocation). By repeating trials of the same task instruction for a differing number of trials (2-6 trials), we could assess switch costs when alternating between these two task instructions with switch costs being considered to be a behavioural indicator of frontoparietal connectivity. Results showed that OBE-individuals performed worse than nOBEindividuals in switch trials, but not in trials in which the same task instruction was repeated. Moreover, this reduced performance was specific to body positions that are normally considered easier (front-facing in the mirror condition; back-facing in the OBE mimicking condition). These findings suggest that a fronto-parietal network might be implicated in OBEs, and that the flexible and spontaneous egocentric perspective taking of self-congruent body representations is hampered in individuals with previous OBEs. ª 2008 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved. IntroductionIntact self representation relies on the ability to experience oneself as an enduring and spatial entity (i.e., the feeling that we are the same person across time and space) to which certain mental events and actions are ascribed (i.e., the feeling of agency; being author of one's own thoughts and actions) and which is distinct from the environment (e.g., Blanke et al., 2005;Brugger et al., 1997;Frith, 2005;Halligan, 2002;Kircher and David, 2003;Ramachandran and Hirstein, 1998 for recent accounts). More recent philosophical and neurological theories have also highlighted the relevance of the bodily self, i.e., * Corresponding author. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK. E-mail address: christine.mohr@bristol.ac.uk (C. Mohr).a v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / c o r t e x 0010-9452/$ -see front matter ª

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A neuroanatomical model of passivity phenomena

Cited by 7 publications

References 77 publications

Psychosis and autism as diametrical disorders of the social brain

Psychosis and autism as diametrical disorders of the social brain

Ich-Störungen — Bildgebung

A putative implication for fronto-parietal connectivity in out-of-body experiences

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