A neural marker of content-specific active ignoring.

Allen, Harriet A.; Humphreys, Glyn W.; Matthews, Paul M.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.34.2.286

Cited by 29 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…The experiment and original data analysis were fully reported by Allen et al (2008). In the basic preview condition, participants saw a set of blue faces (the preview, for 2 s) followed by a search display of red house distractors and a blue house target.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have now been four studies of human visual search over time using the preview paradigm (Allen, Humphreys, & Matthews, 2008;Humphreys, Kyllingsbaek, et al, 2004;Olivers, Smith, Matthews, & Humphreys, 2005;Pollmann et al, 2003). In each case, preview search has been associated with increased activation of the PPC, including the superior parietal lobe and the precuneus.…”

Section: Study 4: Simulating Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We predict that, relative to standard preview search, activation in the right TPJ should reduce when a load is introduced during the preview period. This was tested in Study 5E, where we reevaluated data from Allen et al (2008), who used fMRI to study search in these two conditions.…”

Section: Study 4: Simulating Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If this neural activity reflects the contrast between the target and distractors (i.e., the saliency of the target), then we predict that, compared with standard preview search, activity in the right TPJ should decrease under conditions of secondary task load. Allen et al (2008) measured BOLD activity using fMRI for both standard preview search and for preview search conducted when participants were holding a load in working memory. Here we returned to these data and extracted activity within the right TPJ region found to correlate with the HDR derived from the location map in sSoTS, to test whether this region did show decreased activity under load conditions.…”

Section: Study 5e: Predictions For Fmrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mavritsaki et al (2010) also carried out a more direct analysis of topological parallels between sSoTS and brain activity. To do this, activity within the location map was summed and convolved with the assumed HDR and then correlated with the brain activation recorded in an fMRI study of single-feature, conjunction, and preview search conducted by Allen et al (2008). There was one reliable correlation, which was between the time course of neural activity summed across the location map and neural activity in search-with the correlation found in relation to BOLD activity in a region around the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ; see Figure 23).…”

Section: Study 4: Simulating Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Bridging the gap between physiology and behavior: Evidence from the sSoTS model of human visual attention.

Mavritsaki¹,

Heinke²,

Allen³

et al. 2011

Psychological Review

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We present the case for a role of biologically plausible neural network modeling in bridging the gap between physiology and behavior. We argue that spiking-level networks can allow "vertical" translation between physiological properties of neural systems and emergent "whole-system" performanceenabling psychological results to be simulated from implemented networks and also inferences to be made from simulations concerning processing at a neural level. These models also emphasize particular factors (e.g., the dynamics of performance in relation to real-time neuronal processing) that are not highlighted in other approaches and that can be tested empirically. We illustrate our argument from neural-level models that select stimuli by biased competition. We show that a model with biased competition dynamics can simulate data ranging from physiological studies of single-cell activity (Study 1) to whole-system behavior in human visual search (Study 2), while also capturing effects at an intermediate level, including performance breakdown after neural lesion (Study 3) and data from brain imaging (Study 4). We also show that, at each level of analysis, novel predictions can be derived from the biologically plausible parameters adopted, which we proceed to test (Study 5). We argue that, at least for studying the dynamics of visual attention, the approach productively links single-cell to psychological data. Keywords: visual search, integrate-and-fire neurons, computational model, fMRI, neuropsychologyUnderstanding human cognition is difficult. One of the difficulties is that cognition can be described at many different levelsfrom the high-level computational principles that may shape the landscape within which processes must function, through to the physiological principles by which neurons operate. How can these different levels best be related? Marr (1982) provided an influential framework in which different levels of analysis were described. This framework separated out, on the one hand, theories dealing with the computational principles and the neural hardware, from, on the other, "midlevel" theories that deal with abstract algorithms, which could operate on a variety of platforms (computers as well as human brains). However, what was not specified in this framework was how we move between the different levels; indeed, the levels were described as operating in a quasi-independent manner. This means that, within the framework, it is possible to have an algorithmic account of cognition that is separated from constraints based on neural-level functions, as well as neural-level accounts unconstrained by data derived from the operation of component cognitive processes. This leaves unspecified how we may link theories dealing with abstract psychological mechanisms (attention, memory, decision making) to theories that are concerned with how neurons communicate. It also means that the benefits that might be gained from this linkage are unexploited; theoretical insights at one level do not infiltrate other levels. The aim of t...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study 4: Simulating Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study 4: Simulating Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study 5e: Predictions For Fmrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study 4: Simulating Fmri Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bridging the gap between physiology and behavior: Evidence from the sSoTS model of human visual attention.

Mavritsaki¹,

Heinke²,

Allen³

et al. 2011

Psychological Review

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Auditory Distraction by Meaningless Irrelevant Speech: A Developmental Study

Meinhardt‐Injac

Schlittmeier

Klatte

et al. 2014

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The irrelevant sound effect (ISE) typically refers to a disruptive effect of a to-be-ignored sound in serial recall tasks, where lists of visually presented items (digits and letters) must be recalled in serial order. Although extensively studied in adults, studies on developmental aspects of the ISE are scarce. The present study aims to increase our understanding of developmental changes of auditory distraction in children beyond serial recall. Two tasks (i.e., word categorization and evaluation of simple mathematical equations) were designed to test retrieval from semantic memory. Proportion correct and reaction times (adjusted for speed-accuracy tradeoff) were measured in 8-9 and 12-13-year-olds. Results revealed a developmental change in the susceptibility to auditory distraction. Whereas older children were not affected by background sounds, younger children showed impairment in both proportion correct and adjusted reaction times. Overall, results suggest that attention distraction and immature attention control mechanisms contribute to ISEs in young children.

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Gradual acquisition of visuospatial associative memory representations via the dorsal precuneus

Schott

Wüstenberg

Lücke

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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Activation of parietal cortex structures like the precuneus is commonly observed during explicit memory retrieval, but the role of parietal cortices in encoding has only recently been appreciated and is still poorly understood. Considering the importance of the precuneus in human visual attention and imagery, we aimed to assess a potential role for the precuneus in the encoding of visuospatial representations into long-term memory. We therefore investigated the acquisition of constant versus repeatedly shuffled configurations of icons on background images over five subsequent days in 32 young, healthy volunteers. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on Days 1, 2, and 5, and persistent memory traces were assessed by a delayed memory test after another 5 days. Constant compared to shuffled configurations were associated with significant improvement of position recognition from Day 1 to 5 and better delayed memory performance. Bilateral dorsal precuneus activations separated constant from shuffled configurations from Day 2 onward, and coactivation of the precuneus and hippocampus dissociated recognized and forgotten configurations, irrespective of condition. Furthermore, learning of constant configurations elicited increased functional coupling of the precuneus with dorsal and ventral visual stream structures. Our results identify the precuneus as a key brain structure in the acquisition of detailed visuospatial information by orchestrating a parieto-occipitotemporal network. K E Y W O R D SfMRI, hippocampus, long-term memory, precuneus, visuospatial memory

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A neural marker of content-specific active ignoring.

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Bridging the gap between physiology and behavior: Evidence from the sSoTS model of human visual attention.

Bridging the gap between physiology and behavior: Evidence from the sSoTS model of human visual attention.

Auditory Distraction by Meaningless Irrelevant Speech: A Developmental Study

Gradual acquisition of visuospatial associative memory representations via the dorsal precuneus

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