A Network Pharmacology-Based Approach to Explore Therapeutic Mechanism of Indian Herbal Formulation Nisha Amalaki in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Nisha Amalaki (NA), an Indian herbal formulation consisting of two herbs, Curcuma longa and Emblica officinalis, has been commonly used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the pharmacological mechanism of NA remains unknown. In this study, a network pharmacology-based approach was used to explore its underlying mechanism. NA phytochemicals were collected from PubChem, KNApSAcK, IMPPAT, and ChEBI databases, and their potential targets were investigated using similarity ensemble approach (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.6). A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to study the interactions among the targets and clustered into separate modules using NetworkAnalyst 3.0. A significant module (P ≤ .01) was identified, and DAVID web tool was utilized for the enrichment analysis. A total of 201 phytochemicals and 262 targets of NA were selected. Forty-five nodes of the significant module were identified as potential targets of NA. The enrichment analysis exhibited 27 biological processes and 78 pathways (P ≤ .01). Out of 45, 18 nodes were associated with T2DM as probable targets of NA. The metabolite-target-pathway network revealed that anti-diabetic effect of NA is a synergy of multi-target and multi-pathway efforts via regulation of glucose, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, β-cell survival and proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle.

Molecular Mechanisms of Network Pharmacology-Based Immunomodulation of Huangqi (Astragali Radix)

“…Pengumpulan dan Penapisan Protein Target Terkait Huangqi. Protein target yang terkait dengan komponen bioaktif Huangqi dikumpulkan dari basis data SEA dan SwissTargetPrediction dengan memasukkan canonical SMILES yang diperoleh dari PubChem untuk masing-masing komponen bioaktif (19) . Pengumpulan protein target terbatas pada Homo sapiens (manusia) dan Tanimoto Coefficient (TC) ≥0,5 (20) .…”

“…Komponen bioaktif dan protein target terkait Huangqi yang dikumpulkan, dibuat menjadi jejaring target-komponen dengan menggunakan Cytoscape v3.9.1. Protein target dan komponen bioaktif Huangqi direpresentasikan sebagai "node" dan interaksi antara dua protein direpresentasikan sebagai "edge" (19) . Irisan dari protein target terkait Huangqi dan protein target terkait imunomodulasi dibuat menjadi jejaring target-umum dengan menggunakan Cytoscape v3.9.1.…”

Understanding the mechanism ofTrikatuin type 2 diabetes mellitus and lipid-related metabolic disorders: A network pharmacology approach

“…Network pharmacology (NP) has been recently used in computational biology to identify the bioactive phytochemicals and potential targets of traditional medicinal plants, providing novel insights to elucidate their safety, efficacy and therapeutic mechanism (22,23) (22,24).…”

“…Network pharmacology (NP) has been recently used in computational biology to identify the bioactive phytochemicals and potential targets of traditional medicinal plants, providing novel insights to elucidate their safety, efficacy and therapeutic mechanism (22, 23)(22, 24). It also provides a new framework for drug discovery by recognizing novel therapeutic targets, saving time and cost and being beneficial in Pharmacology (25).…”