A Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Active Compounds and Mechanisms of Musk for Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

<jats:p><jats:italic>Objectives</jats:italic>. This study aims to study the material basis and effective mechanism of musk for ischemic stroke (IS) based on the network pharmacology approach. <jats:italic>Methods</jats:italic>. We collected the chemical components and target gene of musk from the BATMAN-TCM analytical platform and identified ischemic stroke-related targets from the following databases: DisGeNET, NCBI-Gene, HPO, OMIM, DrugBank, and TTD. The targets of musk and IS were uploaded to the String database to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and then, the key targets were analyzed by topological methods. At last, the function biological process and signaling pathways of key targets were carried out by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and cluster analysis by using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server and Metascape platform. <jats:italic>Results</jats:italic>. A total of 29 active compounds involving 1081 predicted targets were identified in musk and there were 1104 IS-related targets. And 88 key targets of musk for IS were obtained including AKT1, MAPK1/3, TP53, TNF, SRC, FOS, CASP3, JUN, NOS3, and IL1B. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that these key targets are mainly involved in multiple pathways which participated in TNF signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, prolactin signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and HIF1 signaling pathway. <jats:italic>Conclusion</jats:italic>. This study revealed that the effective mechanisms of musk against IS would be associated with the regulation of apoptosis, inflammatory response, and gene transcription.</jats:p>

An Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Analgesic Effect of Jakyak-Gamcho Decoction: A Network Pharmacology Study

“…e goal of this integrative science is to unveil the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and drug activity that are coordinated through the interactions among diverse biological components such as genes, proteins, cells, tissues, and organs [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. Previous network pharmacology studies successfully investigated the polypharmacological properties of herbal drugs by identifying their active compounds and key therapeutic targets and further elucidating the distinct system-level pharmacological effects and mechanisms (e.g., therapeutic modulation of biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis, oxidation and reduction, insulin metabolism, and inflammation) for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and ischemic stroke, which are exerted by the synergistic interplay between multiple compounds and targets contained in herbal drugs [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. In the present network pharmacology study, we aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms that underlie the analgesic properties of JGd with a system's perspective.…”

Systematic Investigation of the Effect of Powerful Tianma Eucommia Capsule on Ischemic Stroke Using Network Pharmacology

“…In the East, Chinese herbal medicine has been used to treat stroke for thousands of years due to its cheap and easily available resources. A variety of Chinese patent medicines can be used to treat IS, and many scholars have conducted research on medicines such as Tribulus Terrestris [ 27 ], Shuxuening injection [ 28 , 29 ], baicalin [ 30 ], geniposide [ 31 ], Chuanxiong-Chishao [ 32 ], Musk [ 33 ], Nao An capsule [ 34 ], Deng-Zhan-Xi-Xin injection [ 35 ], scutellarin [ 36 ], and Qingkailing injection [ 37 ].…”

Musk (Moschus moschiferus) Attenuates Changes in Main Olfactory Bulb of Depressed Mice: Behavioral, Biochemical, and Histopathological Evidence

“…These activities and its underlying mechanisms are involved in promoting cell proliferation, ameliorating the loss of cell viability, preventing mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, lactate dehydrogenase, Ca 2+ overload, ROS generation, and reducing the release of inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, prostaglandin E2, and myeloperoxidase (Liu et al, 2017;Surinkaew et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2020). Wei et al (2012) and Zhang et al (2020) reported that muscone can inhibit apoptosis via inhibiting expression of caspase 8 and Fas in the cortex and stimulate neural stem cells proliferation transforming them into neurons in ischemia/reperfusion rats. Muscone has also been suggested to mitigate hyperglycemia-induced Schwann cell autophagy and apoptosis partially by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway (Dong et al, 2019).…”