A network analysis revealed the essential and common downstream proteins related to inguinal hernia

Abstract

Although more than 1 in 4 men develop symptomatic inguinal hernia during their lifetime, the molecular mechanism behind inguinal hernia remains unknown. Here, we explored the protein-protein interaction network built on known inguinal hernia-causative genes to identify essential and common downstream proteins for inguinal hernia formation. We discovered that PIK3R1, PTPN11, TGFBR1, CDC42, SOS1, and KRAS were the most essential inguinal hernia-causative proteins and UBC, GRB2, CTNNB1, HSP90AA1, CBL, PLCG1, and CRK were listed as the most commonly-involved downstream proteins. In addition, the transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway was the most frequently found inguinal hernia-related pathway. Our in silico approach was able to uncover a novel molecular mechanism underlying inguinal hernia formation by identifying inguinal herniarelated essential proteins and potential common downstream proteins of inguinal herniacausative proteins. OPEN ACCESSCitation: Mao Y, Chen L, Li J, Shangguan AJ, Kujawa S, Zhao H (2020) A network analysis revealed the essential and common downstream proteins related to inguinal hernia. PLoS ONE 15 (1): e0226885. https://doi.org/10.

Susceptibility loci and polygenic architecture highlight population specific and common genetic features in inguinal hernias

“…This is supported by CALD1's involvement in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction (including the GI tract), [66] which is reasonable to be seen, as a network analysis investigating causative proteins related to inguinal hernia showed enrichment in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton in a previous study. [65] These findings indicate the importance of gene regulation in focal adhesion, the GI tract (the contents of protrusion), and skin covering the protrusions in the pathology of inguinal hernia.…”

“…Given the mechanism of inguinal hernias and a previous report showing significant enrichment in the focal adhesion pathway, this finding is intriguing. [65] The partitioned heritability analysis in cell groups using LD score regression revealed enrichment in the connective/bone and gastrointestinal (GI) tissues (p-value of 00011 for connective/bone tissues and 00045 for GI tissues, see Fig. 3).…”

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an adult patient with Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines

“…[13][14][15][16] Even though one out of four men will develop a symptomatic inguinal hernia, recently it was found that the PTPN11 protein is related to hernia development along with PIK3R1, TGFBR1, CDC42, and SOS1 proteins. 17 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a prevalence of one out of 500 adults in the general population. 18 However, it is strongly associated with NSML, 4 present in up to 80% of patients with this syndrome, the highest rate among the RASopathies.…”

Network modeling methods for precision medicine

“…We remark however that several papers use the term "harmonic centrality" to refer to a rather different centrality measure, e.g. [84,64].…”