“…However, more recent contributions argue that, when measuring integration, it is relevant not only to consider the concept of openness but also the idea of connectedness. In this regard, Fagiolo et al (2010b), Kali and Reyes (2010) or Chinazzi et al (2013) adopt approaches based on network analysis to model the World Trade Web (WTW) as well as its financial counterpart-i.e., the international financial network or, more specific to our goals, the global banking network (Minoiu and Reyes, 2013). The ideas on which they are based were partly inspired by the influential seminal work of Allen and Gale (2000), but these approaches to measure the integration of banking and financial markets have recently been gaining more importance (Chinazzi et al, 2013;Minoiu and Reyes, 2013;Elliott et al, 2014;Hautsch et al, 2014;Garratt et al, 2014;Minoiu et al, 2015;Caballero, 2015;Berardi and Tedeschi, 2017), together with approaches considering connectedness among financial institutions in general (Billio et al, 2012;Drehmann and Tarashev, 2013).…”