A Neoteric View of sp2 Amorphous Carbon

Abstract

Presented is a concentrated synopsis of facilities of empirical and virtual analytics that, once applied, have provided a fully new vision of sp2 amorphous carbons. This study proved that the solids are multilevel structures, started with the first-level basic structural units (BSUs) and accomplished as macroscopic agglomerates of globular structures, consisting, in its turn, of stacked BSUs. BSUs present necklaced graphene molecules, size, and shape of which are governed by the relevant graphene domains while chemical composition in addition to basic carbon is controlled with heteroatoms of the necklaces. This study shows that BSUs and stacks of BSUs determine the short-range order of the solids and are the main subject of the applied analytics. The synopsis consists of two parts related to empirical and virtual analytics. The former is composed of sections related to structural determination, total and atomic chemical content evaluation and elicitation of the covalent bond composition. The second presents new analytic approaches based on the Digital Twins concept and virtual vibrational spectrometry. The synopsis is configured as an atlas composed of generalized pictures accompanied with necessary explanations to be discussed in detail in the extended references.

Molecular Serum Albumin Unmask Nanobio Properties of Molecular Graphenes in Shungite Carbon Nanoparticles

“…ShC NPs are formed by basic structural units (BSUs) less than 1 nm, which are necklaced graphene molecules. This reflects the idea that graphene molecules are always terminated by heteroatoms, which form a kind of “necklace” on the graphene domains [ 7 ]. It was shown empirically and virtually that the BSUs belong to a large family of reduced graphene oxides (rGOs).…”

“…However, such an application has a purely marketing value without sufficient scientific justification. In spite of a firmly justified molecule-based structure of the solid [ 7 ], the molecular mechanisms of its biological activity have not been characterized enough. At the same time, the development of green technologies [ 8 ] for obtaining relatively large amounts of ShC nanoparticles (ShC NPs), which are characterized by structural homogeneity [ 9 ], makes ShC a promising material for bionanomedicine purposes.…”