A neglected gland: a review of Cowper's gland

Chughtai, Bilal; Sawas, Ahmed; O’Malley, Rebecca L.; Naik, Rohan R.; Khan, Sardar; Pentyala, Srinivas

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00499.x

Cited by 77 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Within each column, estimates did not differ significantly between tissues (one-way ANOVA, PO0.05). glycoproteins and antigens previously thought to help in the immune defence of the reproductive tract (Chughtai et al 2005). Our current data raise the possibility that local expression and activity of 11bHSD1 might also contribute to the protective role of the bulbourethral gland, protecting spermatozoa by decreasing cortisol concentrations in semen prior to ejaculation.…”

Section: I V E R K I D N E Y T E S T I S C a P U T C O R P U S C A mentioning

confidence: 73%

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes in the testis and male reproductive tract of the boar (Sus scrofa domestica) indicate local roles for glucocorticoids in male reproductive physiology

Sharp¹,

Thurston²,

Fowkes³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

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Abstract11b-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11bHSD) enzymes modulate the target cell actions of corticosteroids by catalysing metabolism of the physiological glucocorticoid (GC), cortisol, to inert cortisone. Recent studies have implicated GCs in boar sperm apoptosis. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterise 11bHSD enzyme expression and activities in the boar testis and reproductive tract. Although 11bHSD1 and 11bHSD2 mRNA transcripts and proteins were co-expressed in all tissues, cortisol-cortisone interconversion was undetectable in the corpus and cauda epididymides, vas deferens, vesicular and prostate glands, irrespective of nucleotide cofactors. In contrast, homogenates of boar testis, caput epididymidis and bulbourethral gland all displayed pronounced 11bHSD activities in the presence of NADPH/NADP C and NAD C , and the penile urethra exhibited NAD C -dependent 11b-dehydrogenase activity. In kinetic studies, homogenates of boar testis, caput epididymidis and bulbourethral gland oxidised cortisol with K m values of 237-443 and 154-226 nmol/l in the presence of NADP C and NAD C respectively. Maximal rates of NADP C -dependent cortisol oxidation were 7.4-to 28.5-fold greater than the V max for NADPHdependent reduction of cortisone, but were comparable with the rates of NAD C -dependent cortisol metabolism. The relatively low K m estimates for NADP C -dependent cortisol oxidation suggest that either the affinity of 11bHSD1 has been increased or the cortisol inactivation is catalysed by a novel NADP C -dependent 11bHSD enzyme in these tissues. We conclude that in the boar testis, caput epididymidis and bulbourethral gland, NADP C -and NAD C -dependent 11bHSD enzymes catalyse net inactivation of cortisol, consistent with a physiological role in limiting any local actions of GCs within these reproductive tissues.

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Section: I V E R K I D N E Y T E S T I S C a P U T C O R P U S C A mentioning

confidence: 73%

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes in the testis and male reproductive tract of the boar (Sus scrofa domestica) indicate local roles for glucocorticoids in male reproductive physiology

Sharp¹,

Thurston²,

Fowkes³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

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“…They may be involved in sperm-oviduct attachment which increases sperm viability, suppresses sperm motility and modulates the process of capacitation until egg is ovulated into the ampulla (Smith, 1998;Töpfer-Petersen). They may be also involved in semen coagulation and the formation of copulatory plug in the vagina and lubrication before ejaculation (Boursnell et al, 1970;Hart, 1968) and may be necessary for stabilization of the spermatozoon plasma membrane or may serve as a source of energy for spermatozoa and have protective functions for urethral epithelium (Chughtai et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of the Secretory Epithelial Cells of the Bulbo-Urethral Glands (Cowper's gland) in the Indian Fruit Bat, Rousettus leschenaulti (Desmarest) During the Reproductive Cycle

2017

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SUMMARY:The present paper describes the ultrastructural characteristics of the bulbo-urethral gland (Cowper' glands) of the Indian fruit bat, R. leschenaulti during sexually inactive-breeding cycle. Cyclic histological changes during the seasonal breeding quiescence cycle are not well marked. There are no marked differences. The ultrastructural characteristic of the secretory epithelial cells of BulboUretrhal Gland gland have been studied during different phases of reproductive cycle. The secretory epithelial cells are characterized by the well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, extensive developed complexus golgiensis (Golgi apparatus) and mitochondria. Mitochondria with lamellate cristae are dispersed in the cytoplasm. Three different types of secretory granules can be identified on the basis of electron density. These granules are not of different types but they represent the different stages of granule maturation. The secretory products of bulbo-urethral gland of bat are released into lumen both by apocrine and merocrine modes. The functional significance of the secretions of the bulbo-urethral glands in reproduction is discussed.

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“…Cystic lesions can also arise from the bulbourethral glands; being the closed syringocele the most common (12). This is a congenital abnormality characterized by cystic dilation of the gland´s duct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a congenital abnormality characterized by cystic dilation of the gland´s duct. Presentation in adulthood is not common, they are usually asymptomatic but may present with lower urinary tract symptoms (12)(13)(14). On imaging techniques (MRI) they appear as small cystic lesions (14); treatment consists of endoscopic incision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant multicystic cystadenoma of Cowper's gland: a case report

Villeda-Sandoval¹,

Romero-Vélez²,

Lisker-Cervantes³

et al. 2013

Int. braz j urol.

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CAsE REPORTA 41-year-old man consulted his general physician complaining of dysuria and mild pain located in the hypogastric region. He had no other urinary tract symptom. His past medical and family history were unremarkable. He was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) and received proper pharmacological treatment, which improved the symptoms.Two months later, he presented with acute urinary retention, hence a transurethral catheter was placed. He was referred to the Urology clinic at our institution with a prostatic specific antigen (PSA) of 32 ng/mL (< 4ng/mL). We did not consider this PSA levels to be reliable due to the recent manipulation of the urinary tract. Urinalysis revealed 22 leucocytes per high power field (pHPF), 12 red blood cells pHPF and positive nitrites. The transcatheter urine culture was positive for E. coli and K. pneumonia; both were sensitive to cefixime and he received 400mg qd for 10 days. The rest of the tests were within normal range values.Physical examination revealed a non--tender perineal mass without signs of inflammation. During rectal examination a mobile tumor occluded the rectal lumen and was in continuity with the perineal mass. The prostate was not properly identified. The borders of the tumor were not reachable. no palpable mass was identified in abdominal examination.

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A neglected gland: a review of Cowper's gland

Cited by 77 publications

References 20 publications

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes in the testis and male reproductive tract of the boar (Sus scrofa domestica) indicate local roles for glucocorticoids in male reproductive physiology

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes in the testis and male reproductive tract of the boar (Sus scrofa domestica) indicate local roles for glucocorticoids in male reproductive physiology

Ultrastructure of the Secretory Epithelial Cells of the Bulbo-Urethral Glands (Cowper's gland) in the Indian Fruit Bat, Rousettus leschenaulti (Desmarest) During the Reproductive Cycle

Giant multicystic cystadenoma of Cowper's gland: a case report

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