A Negative Maternal Effect in Springtails

Janssen, G.M.; Jong, G. de; Joosse, E. N. G.; Scharloo, W.

doi:10.2307/2408876

Cited by 47 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Under most environmental conditions tested in this study, there was evidence for extranuclear parental effects. Maternal effects on insect development are well documented in the literature (Parsons, 1962;Delcour, 1969;Janssen et al 1988) and have been found to be important also for Drosophila in pilot experiments made in our laboratory (unpublished data). Attempts have therefore been made to reduce this source of variability, at least as far as it concerns the maternal environment and maternal age: the virgin females hatched and were stored in separate vials for each replicate cross.…”

Section: (I) Reference Populationmentioning

confidence: 54%

Phenotypic plasticity for life-history traits inDrosophila melanogaster. III. Effect of the environment on genetic parameters

Gebhardt¹,

Stearns²

1992

Genet. Res.

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SummaryWe estimated genetic and environmental variance components for developmental time and dry weight at eclosion in Drosophila melanogaster raised in ten different environments (all combinations of 22, 25 and 28 °C and 05, 1 and 4% yeast concentration, and 0-25% yeast at 25 °C). We used six homozygous lines derived from a natural population for complete diallel crosses in each environment. Additive genetic variances were consistently low for both traits (h 2 around 10%). The additive genetic variance of developmental time was larger at lower yeast concentrations, but the heritability did not increase because other components were also larger. The additive genetic effects of the six parental lines changed ranks across environments, suggesting a mechanism for the maintenance of genetic variation in heterogenous environments.The variance due to non-directional dominance was small in most environments. However, there was directional dominance in the form of inbreeding depression for both traits. It was pronounced at high yeast levels and temperatures but disappeared when yeast or temperature were decreased. This meant that the heterozygous flies were more sensitive to environmental differences than homozygous flies. Because dominance effects are not heritable, this suggests that the evolution of plasticity can be constrained when dominance effects are important as a mechanism for plasticity.

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Section: (I) Reference Populationmentioning

confidence: 54%

Phenotypic plasticity for life-history traits inDrosophila melanogaster. III. Effect of the environment on genetic parameters

Gebhardt¹,

Stearns²

1992

Genet. Res.

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“…We expect the parent-offspring regressions derived using first-and second-generation parental values to yield similar estimates when the parental effects are proportional to the parental phenotype (see Janssen et al, 1988). The pattern of changes in values of parent-offspring regressions observed in this study suggests that parental effects are transmitted independently of the parental phenotype in C. rosaceana.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Quantitative parental effects can be categorized according to the source of variation generating the effects. The first type occurs when the mean phenotype of the progeny (or the within-progeny variance) is a function of the phenotype of the parents (Janssen et a!., 1988;Kirkpatrick & Lande, 1989). The second type refers to modifications influencing the offspring independently of the parental phenotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of phenotypic variance: non-Mendelian parental influences on phenotypic and genotypic components of life-history traits in a generalist herbivore

Carrière

1994

Heredity

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Non-Mendelian parental effects are a form of phenotypic plasticity that influences offspring development and modifies their phenotype. They could have major evolutionary impact by changing the process of selection and the correspondence between offspring genotypes and phenotypes. To examine the influence of parental effects on life-history traits in the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), three successive generations were raised in a constant laboratory environment, the first and subsequent generations being produced by field-raised and laboratory-raised parents, respectively. Between-generation variation in phenotypic means, variances and among-and within-family variance components were used to assess the magnitude of the influence of parental effects on allelic expression. The differences between parent-offspring regressions derived using parents from the first and second generations were used to estimate the directionality of the influence of parental effects on the family means of the traits.It appears that parental effects influenced the mean and variance of life-history traits at population and family levels. For development time and within-family diapausing propensity, the families of parents developing in a specific environment (laboratory or field) were apparently affected by a similar parental effect. For larval growth rate and pupal weight, it appears that different parental effects transmitted by field parents influenced the family means. Consequently, parental effects transmitted by field parents did not change the correspondence between the offspring phenotypic and breeding values in the first two traits but modified this relationship in the later traits. Parental effects influenced simultaneously the range of phenotypes produced by a genotype and its mean phenotype. Therefore, they may represent a major developmental mechanism by which organisms adapt to unpredictable and predictable environments.

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“…The offspring to mother regression suggested no indications for maternal effects. A negative maternal effect on age at first reproduction in O. cincta has been reported by Janssen et al (1988). However, this result could not be confirmed in a later study by Stam et al (1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Variation, selection and heritability of thermal reaction norms for juvenile growth in Orchesella cincta (Collembola: Entomobryidae)

Driessen¹,

Ellers²,

Straalen³

2007

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Genetic variation for thermal plasticity plays an important role in the success or failure of a species with respect to the colonization of different thermal habitats and the ability to deal with climatic change. The aim of this paper is to study the relative contribution of the additive and non-additive components of genetic variation for the slope of the temperature reaction norm for juvenile growth rate in the springtail Orchesella cincta. We present the outcome of an artificial selection experiment for steep and flat temperature reaction norms and the results of a parent-offspring heritability experiment. There was a considerable phenotypic variation for the slope of the reaction norm. The selection experiment and the offspring to parent regression analysis, however, yielded no evidence for significant additive genetic variance. There were also no indications for maternal effects. The full-sib analysis, on the other hand, revealed a significant broad sense heritability of 0.76. An unforeseen result was that the slopes of females were steeper than those of males. This influenced the broad sense heritability of the full-sib analysis, since accidental female or male biased broods inflate the estimate of heritability. A randomization test showed that the probability level of the observed "between group" variance on the basis of the sexual differences alone was less than 10 -5 . From this we conclude that autosomal genetic variation played its own separate role. In conclusion, the thermal reaction norm for growth in juvenile O. cincta is not very much determined by the additive effects of a large number of independent genes, but more likely based on a still unknown but mainly non-additive, partially sex-related genetic mechanism, possibly including both dominance and epistatic effects. Hypotheses about the role of phenotypic plasticity in processes of local adaptation and speciation should thus be alert to such a complex genetic architecture.

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A Negative Maternal Effect in Springtails

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Phenotypic plasticity for life-history traits inDrosophila melanogaster. III. Effect of the environment on genetic parameters

Phenotypic plasticity for life-history traits inDrosophila melanogaster. III. Effect of the environment on genetic parameters

Evolution of phenotypic variance: non-Mendelian parental influences on phenotypic and genotypic components of life-history traits in a generalist herbivore

Variation, selection and heritability of thermal reaction norms for juvenile growth in Orchesella cincta (Collembola: Entomobryidae)

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