A Nearly Zero-Energy Microgrid Testbed Laboratory: Centralized Control Strategy Based on SCADA System

Kermani, Mostafa; Carnì, Domenico Luca; Rotondo, Sara; Paolillo, Aurelio; Manzo, Francesco; Martirano, Luigi

doi:10.3390/en13082106

Cited by 41 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Many researchers and studies have investigated hybrid renewable energy systems, and from different perspectives, such as energy management systems [13], demand response [14], economic cost [15], carbon dioxide emissions and environmental impact [16], optimizing source size [17,18], communication network [19,20], IoT-enabled smart grid [21][22][23], HRES optimization [24,25], modeling based on international standards [26][27][28][29], optimal location [30], and capacity planning [31]. The author in [13] provided an overview of energy management agent (EMA) framework architectures' ability to manage the energy generation/consumption of DERs/HRES in homes, buildings, and communities.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IoT-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Smart Campus

et al. 2021

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There is a growing interest in increasing the penetration rate of renewable energy systems due to the drawbacks associated with the use of fossil fuels. However, the grid integration of renewable energy systems represents many challenging tasks for system operation, stability, reliability, and power quality. Small hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are small-scale power systems consisting of energy sources and storage units to manage and optimize energy production and consumption. Appropriate real-time monitoring of HRES plays an essential role in providing accurate information to enable the system operator to evaluate the overall performance and identify any abnormal conditions. This work proposes an internet of things (IoT) based architecture for HRES, consisting of a wind turbine, a photovoltaic system, a battery storage system, and a diesel generator. The proposed architecture is divided into four layers: namely power, data acquisition, communication network, and application layers. Due to various communication technologies and the missing of a standard communication model for HRES, this work, also, defines communication models for HRES based on the IEC 61850 standard. The monitoring parameters are classified into different categories, including electrical, status, and environmental information. The network modeling and simulation of a university campus is considered as a case study, and critical parameters, such as network topology, link capacity, and latency, are investigated and discussed.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors in [16] presented a real case study for a microgrid that has been implemented in a laboratory environment in Sapienza University, Roma. The results of the SCADA system showed the energy balance for the microgrid system.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Smart Campus

et al. 2021

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“…Potential disadvantages are the damage to cells in case of deep discharge as well as safety risks in case of overcharging [2]. Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly being used in electric bicycles, power tools, energy storage for buffering renewable energy [3], and, most notably, electric vehicles (EVs) [1]. The number of electric vehicles on the road has expanded dramatically in recent years [4,5], and vehicle battery capacities have improved enormously [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Battery Impedance Modeling Including Detailed State-of-the-Art Cylindrical 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Comparisons

et al. 2022

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Electrical models of battery cells are used in simulations to represent batteries’ behavior in various fields of research and development involving battery cells and systems. Electrical equivalent circuit models, either linear or nonlinear, are commonly used for this purpose and are presented in this article. Various commercially available cylindrical, state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery cells, both protected and unprotected, are considered. Their impedance properties, according to four different equivalent circuit models, are measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopies. Furthermore, the pricing, impedance, specific energy, and C-rate of the chosen battery cells are compared. For example, it is shown that the energy density of modern 18650 cells can vary from a typical value of 200 to about 260 Wh kg−1, whereas the cell price can deviate by a factor of about 3 to 5. Therefore, as a result, this study presents a concise but comprehensive battery parameter library that should aid battery system designers or power electronic engineers in conducting battery simulations and in selecting appropriate battery cells based on application-specific requirements. In addition, the accuracies and computational efforts of the four equivalent circuit models are compared.

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“…In this context, various control methods, such as the model-predictive method [3], demand response method [4], building management system [5], supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) [6], and power-sharing model [7], have been investigated. As an effective solution, preventing the wasting of energy can help to achieve a nearly zero energy building and provide economic benefits [8]. Particularly in multistory buildings, elevators account for one of the main electricity demands at 3-10% based on the building type, such as residential, commercial, and industrial [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevator Regenerative Energy Applications with Ultracapacitor and Battery Energy Storage Systems in Complex Buildings

et al. 2021

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Due to the dramatic growth of the global population, building multi-story buildings has become a necessity, which strongly requires the installation of an elevator regardless of the type of building being built. This study focuses on households, which are the second-largest electricity consumers after the transportation sector. In residential buildings, elevators impose huge electricity costs because they are used by many consumers. The novelty of this paper is implementing a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), including an ultracapacitor Energy Storage (UCES) and a Battery Energy Storage (BES) system, in order to reduce the amount of power and energy consumed by elevators in residential buildings. The control strategy of this study includes two main parts. In the first stage, an indirect field-oriented control strategy is implemented to provide new features and flexibility to the system and take benefit of the regenerative energy received from the elevator’s motor. In the second stage, a novel control strategy is proposed to control the HESS efficiently. In this context, the HESS is only fed by regenerated power so the amount of energy stored in the UC can be used to reduce peak consumption. Meanwhile, the BES supplies common electrical loads in the building, e.g., washing machines, heating services (both boiler and heat pump), and lighting, which helps to achieve a nearly zero energy building.

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A Nearly Zero-Energy Microgrid Testbed Laboratory: Centralized Control Strategy Based on SCADA System

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

IoT-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Smart Campus

IoT-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Smart Campus

Overview of Battery Impedance Modeling Including Detailed State-of-the-Art Cylindrical 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Comparisons

Elevator Regenerative Energy Applications with Ultracapacitor and Battery Energy Storage Systems in Complex Buildings

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