A naturally occurring long insertion in the first intron in the Brassica rapa
                     FLC2 gene causes delayed bolting

Kitamoto, Naoko; Yui, Susumu; Nishikawa, Kazuhiro; Takahata, Yoshihito; Yokoi, Shuji

doi:10.1007/s10681-013-1025-9

Cited by 54 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Among three BrFLC paralogs in B. rapa, the sequence and length of the first intron vary, and there is no sequence similarity in the first intron of BrFLCs to COLDAIR in A. thaliana. The association between an insertion in the first intron and weak repression of BrFLCs by vernalization has been identified in a latebolting line in B. rapa (Kitamoto et al, 2014). We have shown here that the repression of three FLC paralogs by vernalization is associated with the change of epigenetic state in B. rapa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…In B. rapa, co-localization of flowering time QTLs and BrFLC genes suggested that genetic mutation of BrFLC genes causes flowering time variations (Schranz et al, 2002;Li et al, 2009;Yuan et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2010;Kakizaki et al, 2011;Kitamoto et al, 2014). However, there are no reports examining the epigenetic state of BrFLC before and after vernalization or the stability of the epigenetically repressed state after plants return to warm conditions in B. rapa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of primer sets that can verify the enrichment of histone modifications, and their application to examining vernalization-mediated chromatin changes in <i>Brassica rapa</i> L.

et al. 2016

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Epigenetic regulation is crucial for the development of plants and for adaptation to a changing environment. Recently, genome-wide profiles of histone modifications have been determined by a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and genomic tiling arrays (ChIP on chip) or ChIP and high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) in species including Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and maize. Validation of ChIP analysis by PCR or qPCR using positive and negative regions of histone modification is necessary. In contrast, information about histone modifications is limited in Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa. The aim of this study was to develop positive and negative control primer sets for H3K4me3 (trimethylation of the 4 th lysine of H3), H3K9me2, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 in B. rapa. The expression and histone modification of four FLC paralogs in B. rapa, before and after vernalization, were examined using the method developed here. After vernalization, expression of all four BrFLC genes was reduced, and accumulation of H3K27me3 was observed in three of them. As with A. thaliana, the vernalization response and stability of FLC repression correlated with the accumulation of H3K27me3. These results suggest that the epigenetic state during vernalization is important for high bolting resistance in B. rapa. The positive and negative control primer sets developed here revealed positive and negative histone modifications in B. rapa that can be used as a control for future studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of primer sets that can verify the enrichment of histone modifications, and their application to examining vernalization-mediated chromatin changes in <i>Brassica rapa</i> L.

et al. 2016

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“…The first intron, the promoter region, and exon 1 are important for FLC repression in A. thaliana [86], and lncRNA COLDAIR is expressed from the mid-region of the first intron in A. thaliana [54,87]. Although insertions in the first intron cause a weak repression of BrFLC2 and BrFLC3 transcripts by vernalization in B. rapa, sequence similarity to the VRE in the first intron or to the COLDAIR of A. thaliana were not detected in the first intron of any of the B. rapa paralogs [69]. At least, COLDAIR-like transcripts in B. rapa were not detected.…”

Section: Regulation Of Flcs By Vernalization In the Genus Brassicamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Currently, COOLAIR-like transcripts were detected only from BrFLC2, and these transcripts were involved in the suppression of BrFLC2 and maybe other BrFLCs [88]. However, in B. rapa, there is no report about the transcripts of COLDAIR or COLDWRAP, and regions sharing sequence similarity to the COLDAIR found in A. thaliana were not detected in the first intron of any of the B. rapa paralogs [69]. Therefore, there is a possibility that lncRNAs that do not show sequence similarity to COLDAIR or COLDWRAP may be involved in the regulation of repression of FLC in the genus Brassica.…”

Section: Perspective Of Vernalization Research In the Genus Brassicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two genes carry large insertions in the first intron, suggesting that a weak repression of BrFLC2 and BrFLC3 transcripts by vernalization causes the extremely late bolting of Tsukena No. 2 [69]. Furthermore, this group succeeded in developing new F 1 hybrids of Chinese cabbage by introducing these two FLC alleles from Tsukena No.…”

Section: Qtl Controlling Flowering Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Vernalization in Brassicaceae

Akter¹,

Nishida²,

Takada³

et al. 2018

Brassica Germplasm - Characterization, Breeding and Utilization

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A wide variation of morphological traits exists in Brassica rapa L. and Brassica oleracea L., and cultivated vegetable varieties of these species are consumed worldwide. Flowering time is an important agronomic trait in these species and varies among varieties or cultivars. Especially, leafy vegetable species need a high bolting resistance. Isolation of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), one of the key genes involved in vernalization, has now provided an insight into the molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of flowering time, including the role of histone modification. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, FLC plays an important role in modulating flowering time. The response to vernalization causes an increase in histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) that leads to reduced expression of the FLC gene. B. rapa and B. oleracea both contain several paralogs of FLC at syntenic regions identified as major flowering time and vernalization response quantitative trait loci (QTL). We introduce the recent research, not only in A. thaliana, but also in the genus Brassica from a genetic and epigenetic view point.

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Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis) Breeding: Application of Molecular Technology

Okamoto

Wei

Mehraj

et al. 2021

Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops

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A naturally occurring long insertion in the first intron in the Brassica rapa FLC2 gene causes delayed bolting

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

Development of primer sets that can verify the enrichment of histone modifications, and their application to examining vernalization-mediated chromatin changes in <i>Brassica rapa</i> L.

Development of primer sets that can verify the enrichment of histone modifications, and their application to examining vernalization-mediated chromatin changes in <i>Brassica rapa</i> L.

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Vernalization in Brassicaceae

Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis) Breeding: Application of Molecular Technology

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