A natural broad-spectrum inhibitor of enveloped virus entry, effective against SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus in preclinical animal models

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for novel antivirals for pandemic management and preparedness. Targeting host processes that are co-opted by viruses is an attractive strategy for developing antivirals with a high resistance barrier. Picolinic acid (PA) is a byproduct of tryptophan metabolism, endogenously produced in humans and other mammals. Here we report broad-spectrum antiviral effects of PA against enveloped viruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza A virus (IAV), Flaviviruses, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Human Parainfluenza Virus. We further demonstrate using animal models that PA is effective against SARS-CoV-2 and IAV, especially as an oral prophylactic. The mode of action studies revealed that PA inhibits viral entry of enveloped viruses, primarily by interfering with viral-cellular membrane fusion, inhibiting virus-mediated syncytia formation, and dysregulating cellular endocytosis. Overall, our data establish PA as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, with promising preclinical efficacy against pandemic viruses SARS-CoV-2 and IAV.

Antimicrobial and Virucidal Potential of Morpholinium-Based Ionic Liquids

“…Compounds with pyridine cations, such as cetylpyridinium chloride or pyridinium formate, can inactivate tailed phages and human viruses [ 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Additionally, picolinic acid has been proven as a virucidal agent against human viruses, such as CHIKV, VZV or SARS-CoV-2 [ 71 , 72 , 73 ]. On top of that, the increased activity of [DecEtMor][Clopyralid] compared to the ILs with the same cation was observed toward P001 and Phi6 phages as well.…”