A nationwide web-based automated system for early outbreak dectection and rapid response in China

Yang, Weizhong; Li, Zhongjie; Lan, Yajia; Wang, Jinfeng; Ma, Jiaqi; Jin, Lianmei; Sun, Qiang; Lv, Wei; Lai, Shengjie; Liao, Yilan; Hu, Wenbiao

doi:10.5365/wpsar.2010.1.1.009

Cited by 68 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Apart from the influence of imported cases, weather conditions of these four provinces are also regarded as important factors in dengue outbreaks. Suitable temperature and relative humidity in the early autumn in these areas are fit for the development of vector mosquitoes, and the high density of mosquitoes is an essential condition for the outbreak of dengue [27][28][29][30][31]. Accordingly, hygiene authorities of these provinces should make efforts to control vector mosquitoes before and in the dengue epidemic season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of dengue epidemics in mainland China over the past decade

Ren

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Dengue is an important public health concern in developing countries. As it is increasingly serious in mainland China, its spatiotemporal variations in this region must be further understood. Methodology: On the basis of the data on dengue cases in 2004-2013 collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, examinations of spatiotemporal variations of local, imported, and total dengue cases were conducted to characterize this epidemic at the city scale in China. Results: Local cases in September and October accounted for more than half of the total cases in each year. The cities with more than 50 accumulative local cases were mainly distributed along the southeast coastal areas and southwest border regions of China. In 2004-2013, local dengue transmission (indicated by the number of local cases and the locally infected cities) increased yearly and was closely associated with epidemics (represented by the amount of imported cases and the cities with imported cases). At the city level, local transmission tended to be spatially clustered in the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal area, the Pearl River Delta, and Yunnan-Burma border region, especially in 2005, 2010, 2012, and 2013. Conclusions: The results showed that China's local dengue transmission is spatially and temporally featured, and that the prevalence of this epidemic is mostly related to imported cases from overseas epidemic areas. This study provides useful support for hygiene authorities of central and local governments to take effective measures to prevent and control this disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of dengue epidemics in mainland China over the past decade

Ren

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…From 1956 to 2003, the number of cases and deaths by province were reported monthly to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). After 2004, the NIDRS, an internet-based notifiable infectious disease reporting system, was established [10]. Thereafter, all probable and confirmed cases along with individual data were reported online to the China CDC by clinicians within 24 h of diagnosis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing epidemiology of bacillary dysentery and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolated in China from 2004–2014

Chang

Zhang

et al. 2016

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundBacillary dysentery caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella is a significant public health problem in developing countries such as China. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological pattern of bacillary dysentery, the diversity of the causative agent, and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp. for the purpose of determining the most effective allocation of resources and prioritization of interventions.MethodsSurveillance data were acquired from the National Infectious Disease Information Reporting System (2004–2014) and from the sentinel hospital-based surveillance system (2005–2014). We analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of bacillary dysentery, age and sex distribution, species diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp.ResultsThe surveillance registry included over 3 million probable cases of bacillary dysentery during the period 2004–2014. The annual incidence rate of bacillary dysentery decreased from 38.03 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2004 to 11.24 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2014. The case-fatality rate decreased from 0.028% in 2004 to 0.003% in 2014. Children aged <1 year and 1–4 years were most affected, with higher incidence rates (228.59 cases per 100,000 person-years and 92.58 cases per 100,000 person-years respectively). The annual epidemic season occurred between June and September. A higher incidence rate of bacillary dysentery was found in the Northwest region, Beijing and Tianjin during the study period. Shigella flexneri was the most prevalent species that caused bacillary dysentery in China (63.86%), followed by Shigella sonnei (34.89%). Shigella isolates were highly resistant to nalidixic acid (89.13%), ampicillin (88.90%), tetracycline (88.43%), and sulfamethoxazole (82.92%). During the study period, isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime increased from 8.53 and 7.87% in 2005 to 44.65 and 29.94% in 2014, respectively.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of bacillary dysentery has undergone an obvious decrease from 2004 to 2014. Priority interventions should be delivered to populations in northwest China and to individuals aged <5 years. Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella is a serious public health problem and it is important to consider the susceptibility profile of isolates before determining treatment.

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“…The number of HFMD cases was calculated by multiplying the baseline case number N a by the reciprocal of C a . N a was the number of probable (clinically diagnosed) cases of HFMD (for age group a ) reported in the electronic National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System (NNIDRIS) [7]. C a was the age-specific proportion of individuals with parent-defined HFMD that sought healthcare (see Equation 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the number of hand, foot and mouth disease amongst children aged under-five in Beijing during 2012, based on a telephone survey of healthcare seeking behavior

Wang

Jia

et al. 2014

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundOver the last decade, increases in the number of outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have shifted the disease into the public health spotlight in China. Children under the age of five years are particularly susceptible, with fatalities recorded. However, estimating the burden of HFMD has been difficult to conduct to date.MethodsIn 2012, a cross-sectional survey of healthcare-seeking behaviour for HFMD was undertaken, using computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) technology. Sample of telephone numbers was obtained from the Beijing Immunization Information System. Respondents were parents or guardians of children under the age of five. Multiplier model was used to estimate the number of HFMD case, following the telephone survey of healthcare-seeking behavior. The number of laboratory-confirmed cases was also estimated based on the monthly positive rate of each subtype of virus causing HFMD. The age-specific case fatality rate (CFR) was calculated based on the ratio of reported deaths to the estimated number of cases.ResultsFor children under five, the consultation rate of parent-defined cases was estimated at 77.8% ((95% CI = [75.2, 80.4]). Parents or legal guardians of children aged between two and four years were more likely to seek healthcare than those of children aged less than two years. For children under the age of five, we estimated that there were 40,165 (95% CI = [38,471, 41,974]) HFMD cases, with an incidence rate of 5.6%, and 22,166 (95% CI = [21,150, 23,295]) laboratory-confirmed cases in Beijing during 2012. The overall CFR was estimated at 10 deaths per 100,000 cases, while for children aged less than two years it was 15.6 deaths per 100,000 cases.ConclusionsGiven the public health impact of HFMD in China, control measures need to be prioritized for children < 2 years, due to the higher CFR in this age group. Sentinel surveillance approaches could be used to monitor trends and the impact of control measures.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-437) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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A nationwide web-based automated system for early outbreak dectection and rapid response in China

Cited by 68 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of dengue epidemics in mainland China over the past decade

Characterization of dengue epidemics in mainland China over the past decade

The changing epidemiology of bacillary dysentery and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolated in China from 2004–2014

Estimating the number of hand, foot and mouth disease amongst children aged under-five in Beijing during 2012, based on a telephone survey of healthcare seeking behavior

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