A Nationwide Review of the Associations Among Cervical Spine Injuries, Head Injuries, and Facial Fractures

Abstract

: This is the largest review in history documenting these associations. Pending cost-benefit analysis, the current trauma imaging protocol may be challenged.

Presence of accompanying head injury in patients with maxillofacial trauma

“…[3,8,[14][15][16][17][18][19] There is a close relationship between the presence of accompanying head injury in patients with maxillofacial fractures. [2][3][4][5][6][7] The risk of experiencing head trauma varies between 2.04% and 14%. [2,[4][5][6][7] Patients with head trauma may be divided into those with intracranial hemorrhage, brain contusion and skull fracture.…”

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] The risk of experiencing head trauma varies between 2.04% and 14%. [2,[4][5][6][7] Patients with head trauma may be divided into those with intracranial hemorrhage, brain contusion and skull fracture. Hohlrieder et al [15] and Kanno et al [18] evaluated only the patients with intracranial hemorrhage among those with maxillofacial trauma, and found the rates of intracranial hemorrhage as 9.7% and 9.0%, respectively.…”

“…[1][2][3] A close relationship between maxillofacial fracture and intracranial injury has been reported in many articles. [3][4][5][6][7][8] In many countries, cranial injury has been found to be the most common accompanying organ injury in patients with maxillofacial trauma. [2][3][4][5] This includes head traumas, intracranial hemorrhages, closed head traumas (brain contusion or laceration), or skull fracture.…”

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8] In many countries, cranial injury has been found to be the most common accompanying organ injury in patients with maxillofacial trauma. [2][3][4][5] This includes head traumas, intracranial hemorrhages, closed head traumas (brain contusion or laceration), or skull fracture. Generally, the presence of emesis, vomiting, loss of consciousness, or a low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score are important findings for suspicion of a cranial injury.…”

Secondary cervical spine injury during airway management: beyond a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach

“…He is on a spinal board with a rigid cervical spine collar. Given the high-force mechanism and evidence of traumatic brain injury, the probability of a cervical spine fracture or spinal cord injury would be approximately 7% and 2%, respectively [1,2].…”