A nationwide effort to sistematically monitor HIV-1 diversity in Brazil: preliminary results

Galvão–Castro, Bernardo; Couto-Fernandez, José Carlos; Mello, MA; Linhares-de-Carvalho, MI; Lr, Castello-Branco; Bongertz,; Ferreira, Pcp; Morgado, Mariza G.; Sabino, E. C.; Tanuri, Amílcar

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761996000300014

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…As expected from prevalence data [6], HIV-1 isolation of Bsubtype and B 00 -variant HIV-1 isolates was achieved more frequently than the F-subtype HIV-1. Accordingly, the three groups of HIV-1 isolates were of different sizes, but clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Sequencing data and analyses with restriction endonuclease enzymes have shown that the Brazilian isolates classified as 'B-subtype' can be divided into three groups: (1) a major group displaying the classical GPGR sequence at the top of the gp120 V3 loop, present in the great majority of the B-subtype isolates from North America and Europe, corresponding to 46.5% of the Brazilian B-subtype isolates; (2) another major group, designated B 00 -variant of the B-subtype, presenting the sequence GWGR at the top of the gp120 V3 loop, often associated with a Methionine adjacent to this amino acid group to the C-terminal [1][2][3], present in 39.4% of the Brazilian B-subtype isolates; and (3) isolates with a variable sequence of amino acids at this position (14.1%) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutralization Susceptibility of B Subtype Variant B′′ Primary HIV‐1 Isolates

Bongertz

et al. 1998

Scand J Immunol

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Susceptibility to autologous and heterologous neutralization of primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 isolates belonging to subtype B, to the B′′‐variant of subtype B or to subtype F from infected individuals residing in Rio de Janeiro was assayed. A lower infectivity of the B′′‐ and F isolates when compared to the classical B‐subtype HIV‐1 isolates was observed. Comparisons of neutralization susceptibilities were carried out for 19 B‐subtype, 11 B′′‐variant and two F‐subtype HIV‐1 isolates with plasma from autologous and heterologous samples. Frequency of autologous neutralization was slightly lower for B‐subtype isolates in comparison to B′′‐variant isolates. Heterologous intra‐subtype neutralization was significantly lower for B‐subtype than for the B′′‐variant or the F‐subtype isolates. While B‐subtype isolates were neutralized by most anti‐F‐subtype plasma, F‐subtype isolates, although most susceptible to F‐subtype antibodies, were highly susceptible to neutralization by anti‐B‐subtype antibodies. Cross‐neutralization for B′′‐variant and B‐subtype isolates was not as extensive as observed for B‐ and F‐subtype isolates. However, the results presented indicate a quite extensive cross‐neutralization between Brazilian HIV‐1 isolates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralization Susceptibility of B Subtype Variant B′′ Primary HIV‐1 Isolates

Bongertz

et al. 1998

Scand J Immunol

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“…26 The viruses were isolated from 7 HIV-1-positive patients living in the city of Santos (State of São Paulo), 12 in Rio de Janeiro (State of Rio de Janeiro), 4 in Belo Horizonte (State of Minas Gerais), and one in Salvador (State of Bahia). The virus isolation and the genetic, immunological, and preliminary biological characterization of the majority of these viruses, as well as the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data of most of the patients, were recently published.…”

Section: Virus Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Characterization and Chemokine Receptor Usage of HIV Type 1 Isolates Prevalent in Brazil

Ferraro

Mello

Sutmoller

et al. 2001

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), shows a variety of biological properties, which may constitute an obstacle to development of effective vaccines or antiretroviral therapy. To characterize Brazilian strains of HIV-1, we studied 24 viruses isolated from blood samples of HIV-1-positive patients from different regions of the country. To examine the cell tropism and the virus ability to form syncytia, primary macrophages and the CD4 1 T cell line MT-2 were infected with these viruses. We found that 22 isolates replicated well in macrophages (macrophage-tropic isolates), 2 infected only MT-2 cells (T cell line tropic variants), while 6 of them grew in both cells. We found 8 syncytium-inducing (SI) and 16 non-SI (NSI) isolates. Continuous cultures of 18 isolates were established in the CCR51 /CXCR4 1 cell line PM-1, and SI/NSI features of these viruses were confirmed by cell fusion assay with uninfected CD4 1 T cell lines (PM-1, MT-2, H9, and SUP-T1). The coreceptor usage of 18 isolates was investigated by infecting U87 cells transfected with CD4 and chemokine receptors, and we found that 11 isolates infected only CCR5 1 cells, 3 only CXCR4 1 cells, whereas 4 used both coreceptors. We also observed that X4 isolates were more sensitive to neutralization by dextran sulfate than R5 or R5X4 viruses. Our findings show that the Brazilian isolates are phenotypically similar to those prevalent in other regions, which could mean that therapeutic strategies based on HIV-1 phenotypic properties would be efficient in Brazil, as in other countries. 1241

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“…[18][19][20][21][27][28][29] The Brazilian epidemic is complex with the presence of subtypes B, F, C, and a multitude of recombinant genomes emerging from these subtypes. [21][22][23][24][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] An intense recombination process between subtype B and F virus has been reported lately in the epidemic.29 ,38 These viruses are prevalent in the southeastern region of Brazil where the largest urban centers including Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and important port cities such as Santos are situated. The HIV-1 incidence rates in these cities are among the highest in the country reflecting a tight HIV-1 transmission network favoring recombination.…”

Section: Introduction R Ecombination Is An Important Means To Generatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Two HIV Type 1 Circulating Recombinant Forms in Brazil

Filho

Sucupira

Casiero

et al. 2006

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Recombination is an important way to generate genetic diversity. Accumulation of HIV-1 full-length genomes in databases demonstrated that recombination is pervasive in viral strains collected globally. Recombinant forms achieving epidemiological relevance are termed circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). CRF12_BF was up to now the only CRF described in South America. The objective was to identify the first CRF in Brazil conducting full genome analysis of samples sharing the same partial genome recombinant structure. Ten samples obtained from individuals residing in Santos, Brazil, sharing the same recombination pattern based on partial genome sequence data, were selected from a larger group to undergo full length genome analysis. Near full length genomes were assembled from overlapping fragments. Mosaic genomes were evaluated by Bootscan, alignment inspection, and phylogenetic analysis using neighbor joining and maximum likelihood. Full genomes were also analyzed by split decomposition. We were able to identify five mosaic genomes. Two of these structures were represented by at least three samples derived from epidemiologically unlinked individuals. These structures were named CRF28_BF and CRF29_BF and are the second and third CRFs composed exclusively by subtypes B and F as well as the second and third CRFs encountered in South America. Other recombinant forms studied here resembled CRF28_BF and CRF29_BF. Our results suggest that a diverse population of related recombinants, including CRFs may play an important part in the Brazilian and South American epidemic.

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A nationwide effort to sistematically monitor HIV-1 diversity in Brazil: preliminary results

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Neutralization Susceptibility of B Subtype Variant B′′ Primary HIV‐1 Isolates

Neutralization Susceptibility of B Subtype Variant B′′ Primary HIV‐1 Isolates

Biological Characterization and Chemokine Receptor Usage of HIV Type 1 Isolates Prevalent in Brazil

Identification of Two HIV Type 1 Circulating Recombinant Forms in Brazil

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