A national validation project of alternative methods to the Draize rabbit eye test

Kalweit, S.; Besoke, R.; Gerner, Ingrid; Spielmann, Horst

doi:10.1016/0887-2333(90)90147-l

Cited by 95 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The times of the appearance of hemorrhages, vascular lysis and coagu lation were recorded and used to calculate irritation indices within 5 min as described elsewhere [14].…”

Section: Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chick chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM or CAM test) [6,15] was performed according to the standardized protocol as proposed in the inter laboratory validation trial in the FRG [14] using in addition a stereo microscope to monitor and control the reaction types if necessary. The times of the appearance of hemorrhages, vascular lysis and coagu lation were recorded and used to calculate irritation indices within 5 min as described elsewhere [14].…”

Section: Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, there exist already a num ber of serious and promising attempts [1,6,14] to obtain useful information on in vitro tests which are presently being checked in validation trials [ 14] in order to demonstrate their intra-and interlaboratory reproducibil ity and their technical limits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro Methods for the Assessment of Primary Local Effects of Topically Applied Preparations

Pape

Hoppe²

1991

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Three ‘alternative’ methods for the screening of the primary irritation potentials of topically applied preparations and raw materials are presented as a test battery and their in vitro endpoints are compared with in vivo data. The first method is the intermediate test on the chorioallantoic membrane of hens’ fertilized eggs, which is generally proposed for the prediction of the irritation potential of chemicals. Relevant test parameters, such as the time-dependent appearance of hemorrhages, vascular lysis and coagulation, are used to classify the test substances. Secondly, cytotoxicity tests with Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts are used to characterize the influence of test materials on cellular homeostasis and viability, which is quantified by the dose-dependent uptake of Neutral red. As a second parameter changes in the cellular protein level can be easily measured by subsequent staining with Kenacid blue. Finally, the third approach to in vitro evaluation is presented in the form of the red blood cell assay, a rapid photometric assay which permits distinguishing basically between damage to the membrane and to proteins as endpoints which correlate with lesions observed on the conjunctiva, iris and cornea in the eye and the acute inflammatory responses evoked during epicutaneous irritancy testing. Changes in the optical behavior of oxyhemoglobin are used as the inherent indicator for monitoring both endpoints and their interrelations. These methods are proposed and can be used advantageously for testing newly developed topical preparations and their ingredients in view of their local irritation potential without further use of animal testing. Moreover, they can also be used for screening chemicals.

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“…The times of the appearance of hemorrhages, vascular lysis and coagu lation were recorded and used to calculate irritation indices within 5 min as described elsewhere [14].…”

Section: Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In vitro Methods for the Assessment of Primary Local Effects of Topically Applied Preparations

Pape

Hoppe²

1991

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…There are important scientific and ethical reasons for developing in vitro alternatives for the Draize test. Not surprisingly, there have been numerous attempts to relate DESs to other measures of eye irritation (Balls et al, 1995;Devillers and Chessel, 1995;Kalweit et al, 1990;Spielmann et al, 1993 and1995), so far with limited success (Balls et al, 1995). One major reason for the lack of correlation between the Draize test and other tests is that the various studies have been conducted on a completely heterogeneous set of substances, including pure organic liquids, aqueous solutions (such as aqueous sodium hydroxide and silver nitrate) and solids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) for a Draize Eye Irritation Database

Abraham

Kumarsingh

Cometto‐Muñiz

et al. 1998

Toxicology in Vitro

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A collection of data on the Draize rabbit eye test (Cronin et al., 1994) has been analysed using a set of physicochemical descriptors that we have previously put forward. These descriptors are compound (or solute) parameters as follows: R 2 is an excess molar refraction, π 2 H is the polarizability/dipolarity, ∑α QSAR=quantitative structure-activity relationship; VOC=volatile organic compound.3

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“…Os resultados obtidos no ensaio de segurança estão apresentados na Tabela 11, de acordo com a classificação do potencial de irritação, apresentada no Quadro 1 (KALWEIT et al, 1990). (PARK et al, 2014;TOUITOU et al, 2000).…”

Section: Egg Test -Chorioallantoic Membraneunclassified

Segurança e eficácia antioxidante pré-clínica e clínica de etossomas contendo rutina de orientação de uso cosmético

Cândido¹

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A national validation project of alternative methods to the Draize rabbit eye test

Cited by 95 publications

References 6 publications

In vitro Methods for the Assessment of Primary Local Effects of Topically Applied Preparations

In vitro Methods for the Assessment of Primary Local Effects of Topically Applied Preparations

A Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) for a Draize Eye Irritation Database

Segurança e eficácia antioxidante pré-clínica e clínica de etossomas contendo rutina de orientação de uso cosmético

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