A national survey of caregivers’ perspective of early symptoms of dementia among adults with an intellectual disability based on the DSQIID scale

A critical literature review of the effectiveness of various instruments in the diagnosis of dementia in adults with intellectual disabilities

“…When the participant is classed as having severe ID, these methods are more favored, as they do not require the individual to complete any tests that they may potentially find distressing. All informant reports in Table 3 were shown to be effective during the dementia diagnostic procedure, except for the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADL [54]), which was shown to not be effective in this population [55]. The Dementia Questionnaire for Mentally Retarded people (DMR [56]), which has been renamed at the Dementia Questionnaire for people with Learning Disabilities (DLD [57]) and Adaptive Behaviour Scale (ABS [43]) was highlighted to be most effective when used together, as they can cover a wide range of factors affected by dementia.…”

“…However, the study by Lin et al. [55,65] did note that other demographic factors that influence dementia status do need to be considered alongside DSQIID administration.…”

Gait and Balance

“…Dementia appears in elderly people and in the presence of ID the prevalence is increased (12-20 %) compared to the prevalence observed in the general population (5 %) (Lin et al 2014). Studies have shown that when ageing is accompanied by cognitive impairment and dementia, the risk of falls leading to injury doubles (Jensen et al 2003;Tinetti et al 1988) and increases with the severity of dementia (van Dijk et al 1993).…”

“…Studies have shown that when ageing is accompanied by cognitive impairment and dementia, the risk of falls leading to injury doubles (Jensen et al 2003;Tinetti et al 1988) and increases with the severity of dementia (van Dijk et al 1993). Furthermore, 37 % of people with ID and dementia walk unsteadily and lose balance, 11 % walk with aid, and 53 % walk slowly (Lin et al 2014).…”

Neurocognitive Disorders

“…activities of daily living and work habits) early in the course (Aylward et al, 1997;Strydom et al, 2010). Functional abilities can be influenced by many different factors and are more dependent on disability level and comorbidity than dementia (Lin et al, 2014). Behavioral problems, such as behavioral excesses (e.g.…”