A National, County-Level Evaluation of the Association Between COVID-19 and Sexually Transmitted Infections Within the United States in 2020

Abstract

Background Shifts in public health infrastructure to respond to one emerging health threat may have unanticipated consequences for preexisting diseases. Previous research evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been conducted nationally, with little exploration of the impact on a granular geospatial level. This ecological study seeks to quantify the association between COVID-19 cases or deaths and chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis cases for all US counties in 2020. Methods Separate, adjusted multivariable quasi-Poisson models with robust standard errors modeled the county-level association between 2020 COVID-19 cases and deaths per 100,000 and 2020 chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis cases per 100,000. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Results Every 1000 additional COVID-19 cases per 100,000 was associated with a 1.80% increase in the average number of chlamydia cases (P < 0.001) and a 5.00% increase in the average number of gonorrhea cases (P < 0.001). Every 1000 additional COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 was associated with a 57.9% increase in the average number gonorrhea cases (P < 0.001) and a 74.2% decrease in the average number of syphilis cases (P = 0.004). Conclusions Higher rates of COVID-19 cases and deaths were associated with increased rates of some STIs at the US county level. The underlying reasons for these associations could not be established by this study. The emergency response to an emerging threat may have unanticipated influence on preexisting diseases that varies by level of governance.