A National 5-Year Follow-up of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence

Simpson, D. Dwayne; Joe, George W.; Broome, Kirk M.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.6.538

Cited by 208 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with previous support for links between pretreatment substance use severity (46), treatment retention (47), and outcome, we expected strong relationships between these variables and outcome among in this sample, but with treatment involvement more closely tied to outcome in the CBT4CBT condition than in TAU. Table 3 presents simple correlations of the relationships between baseline severity of substance use (frequency of substance use at baseline, years of substance use), treatment involvement (indicated by number of days retained in the treatment program, number of individual and group sessions attended, and homework completion), and treatment outcome (percent of drug-negative urine specimens, self-reported days abstinent, and duration of longest consecutive period of abstinence during treatment.…”

Section: Cbt4cbt Program Utilization and Outcomesupporting

confidence: 85%

Computer-Assisted Delivery of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Addiction: A Randomized Trial of CBT4CBT

Carroll

Ball

Martino

et al. 2008

AJP

356

331

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Objectives-To evaluate the efficacy of a computer-based version of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for substance dependence.Methods-This was a randomized clinical trial in which 77 individuals seeking treatment for substance dependence at an outpatient community setting were randomized to standard treatment or standard treatment with biweekly access to computer-based training in CBT (CBT4CBT).Results-Treatment retention and data availability were comparable across the treatment conditions. Participants assigned to the CBT4CBT condition submitted significantly more urine specimens that were negative for any type of drugs and tended to have longer continuous periods of abstinence during treatment. The CBT4CBT program was positively evaluated by participants. In the CBT4CBT condition, outcome was more strongly associated with treatment engagement than in TAU; further, completion of homework assignments in CBT4CBT was significantly correlated with outcome and a significant predictor of treatment involvement.Conclusions-These data suggest that CBT4CBT is an effective adjunct to standard outpatient treatment for substance dependence and may provide an important means of making CBT, an empirically validated treatment, more broadly available.

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Section: Cbt4cbt Program Utilization and Outcomesupporting

confidence: 85%

Computer-Assisted Delivery of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Addiction: A Randomized Trial of CBT4CBT

Carroll

Ball

Martino

et al. 2008

AJP

356

331

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“…However, we noted that there was also a significant relationship between use of cocaine at baseline and shorter time in treatment. This finding provides additional evidence regarding the need for more intensive interventions in order to engage those with severe drug use disorders and problems in psychosocial functioning, since they are least likely to respond to treatment and are more likely to relapse following treatment (Simpson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Time In Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 80%

Role of social support and self-efficacy in treatment outcomes among clients with co-occurring disorders☆

Warren

Stein

Grella³

2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

113

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Individuals with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders have a more severe clinical course and poorer outcomes than do individuals with one disorder. In an attempt to find intervening variables that may contribute to improvement in treatment outcomes among individuals with cooccurring disorders, we investigated the roles of social support and self-efficacy in a sample of 351 clients with co-occurring disorders in residential drug abuse treatment programs (53% male; 35% African American, 13% Hispanic). Given their demographic variability, we also explored how ethnicity and age influence self-efficacy and access to social support, as well as their relationships to the outcomes. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the impact of the demographics and baseline psychological status, substance use, social support, and self-efficacy on mental health and substance use outcomes 6 months after treatment entry. Time in treatment was included as a control. Greater social support at baseline predicted better mental health status and less heroin and cocaine use; greater self-efficacy predicted less alcohol and cocaine use. Older clients reported less social support. African-American ethnicity was associated with more cocaine use at baseline and follow-up; however, African Americans reported more self-efficacy, which moderated their cocaine use. The current study highlights the potential therapeutic importance of clients' personal resources, even among a sample of severely impaired individuals.

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“…In addition, the current results add to the growing body of evidence regarding unique subgroup differences in therapeutic responsiveness among drug-dependent individuals. Several studies examining drug-use severity, for example, have identified frequency of use at treatment entry to be an important factor that affects treatment response (Simpson et al, 2002;Vaillant, 1988). Recent studies with clinical samples of MAdependent users also support the importance of considering MA-severity when examining posttreatment outcomes, since heavy or daily use is considered to increase one's risk for relapse (Brecht and Herbeck, 2014;Elkashef et al, 2008Elkashef et al, , 2012Heinzerling et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of an exercise intervention on methamphetamine use outcomes post residential treatment care

Rawson

Chudzynski

Gonzales-Castaneda

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-We examined the efficacy of an 8-week exercise intervention on posttreatment methamphetamine (MA) use among MA-dependent individuals following residential treatment.Methods-135 individuals newly enrolled in treatment were randomly assigned to a structured 8-week exercise intervention or health education control group. Approximately 1 week after completion of the intervention, participants were discharged to the community. Interview data and urine samples were collected at 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-residential care. Of the sample, 54.8% were classified as higher severity users (using MA more than 18 days in the month before admission) and 45.2% as lower severity users (using MA for up to 18 days in the month before admission). Group differences in MA use outcomes were examined over the 3 timepoints using mixed-multivariate modeling.Results-While fewer exercise participants returned to MA use compared to education participants at 1-, 3-and 6-months post-discharge, differences were not statistically significant. A significant interaction for self-reported MA use and MA urine drug test results by condition and MA severity was found: lower severity users in the exercise group reported using MA significantly fewer days at the three post-discharge timepoints than lower severity users in the ContributorsAuthors RAR, LM, and CBC were involved with the design the study. Authors RG, JC, BAS managed literature searches and summaries of previous related work. Authors JP, DD, and BD undertook behavioral and clinical data collection. AA and RG undertook the statistical analysis. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript, including the review and final approval of it for publication. Conflicts of interest: none.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript education group. Lower severity users in the exercise group also had a lower percentage of positive urine results at the three timepoints than lower severity users in the education group. These relationships were not present in the comparison of the higher severity conditions. Conclusion-Resultssupport the value of exercise as a treatment component for individuals using MA 18 or fewer days/month.

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A National 5-Year Follow-up of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence

Abstract: The large decreases in cocaine use 1 year after treatment discharge were sustained during the 5-year follow-up. Severity of drug and psychosocial problems at intake was predictive of long-term outcomes and outcomes improved in direct relation to level of treatment exposure.

Cited by 208 publications

References 40 publications

Computer-Assisted Delivery of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Addiction: A Randomized Trial of CBT4CBT

Computer-Assisted Delivery of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Addiction: A Randomized Trial of CBT4CBT

Role of social support and self-efficacy in treatment outcomes among clients with co-occurring disorders☆

Impact of an exercise intervention on methamphetamine use outcomes post residential treatment care

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