A Narrow Beam, Beam Steerable and Low Side-Lobe Reflectarray Based on Macro Electro-Mechanical Technique

Asgharian, Reza; Zakeri, Bijan; Yazdi, and Mohammad

doi:10.2528/pierc19120104

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, a large TC allows for a reduction in Q and unit cell losses while maintaining a high dynamic phase reflection range. Several methods add reconfiguring and tuning to MS, such as PIN switches, MEMS switches, liquid crystal materials, piezoelectric materials, and varactor diodes [8,9,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The liquid crystal method is used in the K-band and above and can be realized in MS as a tuning dielectric substrate, without any external element in the front, but is more challenging to implement [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra-Wideband Reconfigurable X-Band and Ku-Band Metasurface Beam-Steerable Reflector for Satellite Communications

Rotshild

Abramovich

2021

Electronics

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A continuously reconfigurable metasurface reflector based on unit cell mushroom geometry that was integrated with a varactor diode is presented in this paper. The unit cell of the metasurface was designed and optimized to operate in the X-band and Ku-band, improving satellite communication’s quality of service. The losses mechanisms of continuous control over the unit cell phase reflection in beam steering resolution are considered and the analysis results are presented. The unit cell design parameters were analyzed with an emphasis on losses and dynamic reflection phase range. The unit cell magnitude and phase reflection are shown in the wide frequency bandwidth and showed a good agreement between all the measurements and the simulations. This metasurface enabled a high dynamic range in the unit cell resonant frequency range from 7.8 to 15 GHz. In addition, the reflection phase and absorption calibration are demonstrated for multiple operating frequencies, namely, 11 GHz, 12 GHz, and 13.5 GHz. Furthermore, design trade-offs and manufacturing limitations were considered. Finally, a beam-steering simulation using the designed metasurface is shown and discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, liquid crystal is less suitable for continuous tracking and switching applications. Piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) materials enable continuous changes in the unit cell thickness depending on the DC voltage [12,22]. Thus, the properties of the MS continuously change as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Wideband Reconfigurable X-Band and Ku-Band Metasurface Beam-Steerable Reflector for Satellite Communications

Rotshild

Abramovich

2021

Electronics

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“…Step 3: Apply JPDF to estimate n = x − a N (θ, φ)s using (19) Step 4: Set the gradient of ( 20) to zero and calculate the weights as given in (22) Step 5: Apply (23) to construct the output radiation pattern of the antenna array…”

Section: Algorithm 1: Projection Noise Correlation Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, it is considered a significant achievement since it overcomes the previous schemes' complexities by controlling each unit cell separately and performing 2D beam steering with a large element [22]. However, this approach still has some significant challenges, such as high sidelobe levels and beamwidth widening, which prevent the presented antenna from meeting the minimum requirements for beam steering [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Beamforming Approach Using 60 GHz Antenna Arrays for Multi-Beams 5G Applications

et al. 2022

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Recent studies and research have centred on new solutions in different elements and stages to the increasing energy and data rate demands for the fifth generation and beyond (B5G). Based on a new-efficient digital beamforming approach for 5G wireless communication networks, this work offers a compact-size circular patch antenna operating at 60 GHz and covering a 4 GHz spectrum bandwidth. Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M–MIMO) and beamforming technology build and simulate an active multiple beams antenna system. Thirty-two linear and sixty-four planar antenna array configurations are modelled and constructed to work as base stations for 5G mobile communication networks. Furthermore, a new beamforming approach called Projection Noise Correlation Matrix (PNCM) is presented to compute and optimise the fed weights of the array elements. The key idea of the PNCM method is to sample a portion of the measured noise correlation matrix uniformly in order to provide the best representation of the entire measured matrix. The sampled data will then be utilised to build a projected matrix using the pseudoinverse approach in order to determine the best fit solution for a system and prevent any potential singularities caused by the matrix inversion process. The PNCM is a low-complexity method since it avoids eigenvalue decomposition and computing the entire matrix inversion procedure and does not require including signal and interference correlation matrices in the weight optimisation process. The suggested approach is compared to three standard beamforming methods based on an intensive Monte Carlo simulation to demonstrate its advantage. The experiment results reveal that the proposed method delivers the best Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) augmentation among the compared beamformers.

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“…One example of such tuning elements is piezoelectric crystals and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). These elements facilitate continuous changes in the unit cell thickness in response to the DC voltage supplied to them [22][23][24][25]. Consequently, the electromagnetic properties of the MS undergo continuous alteration as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Phase Dynamic Range in Design of Reconfigurable Metasurface Reflect Array Antenna Using Two Types of Unit Cells for E Band Communication

Rozban,

Barom,

Kedar

et al. 2024

Electronics

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The deployment of wireless communication networks in the E band (60–90 GHz) requires highly flexible, real-time, and precise tunability to optimize power transmission amidst diffraction, obstacles, and scattering challenges. This paper proposes an innovative reconfigurable metasurface reflect array design capable of achieving a dynamic phase range of 312 degrees with less than 1 dB of loss. The design integrates two types of unit cells and employs piezoelectric crystal as the tuning element. Simulation results illustrate the feasibility of beam focusing and accurate beam steering within a range of ±3 degrees. Furthermore, the proposed reconfigurable metasurface reflector demonstrates an antenna gain comparable to that of a dish antenna with the same aperture size.

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A Narrow Beam, Beam Steerable and Low Side-Lobe Reflectarray Based on Macro Electro-Mechanical Technique

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Ultra-Wideband Reconfigurable X-Band and Ku-Band Metasurface Beam-Steerable Reflector for Satellite Communications

Ultra-Wideband Reconfigurable X-Band and Ku-Band Metasurface Beam-Steerable Reflector for Satellite Communications

A New Beamforming Approach Using 60 GHz Antenna Arrays for Multi-Beams 5G Applications

Enhancement of Phase Dynamic Range in Design of Reconfigurable Metasurface Reflect Array Antenna Using Two Types of Unit Cells for E Band Communication

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