A narrative review on the role of temperature and humidity in COVID-19: Transmission, persistence, and epidemiological evidence

Yuan, Wei; Dong, Zhaomin; Fan, Wenhong; Xu, Kaiqiang; Tang, Song; Wang, Ying; Wu, Fengchang

doi:10.1016/j.eehl.2022.04.006

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…However, increasing humidity was associated with declining COVID-19 cases in the spring and summer, while decreasing humidity and increasing residential mobility during the winter months caused an increase in COVID-19 cases [ 22 ]. It has been reported that the attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 due to temperature is minimal [ 23 , 24 ]. However, other studies have highlighted that coronavirus is stable at lower temperatures [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Strain Differences, Humidity Changes, and Saliva Contamination on the Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Ion Irradiation

Ahmad Wadi,

Onomura,

Funamori

et al. 2024

Viruses

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One of the methods to inactivate viruses is to denature viral proteins using released ions. However, there have been no reports detailing the effects of changes in humidity or contamination with body fluids on the inactivation of viruses. This study investigated the effects of humidity changes and saliva contamination on the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation with ions using multiple viral strains. Virus solutions with different infectious titers were dropped onto a circular nitrocellulose membrane and irradiated with ions from 10 cm above the membrane. After the irradiation of ions for 60, 90, and 120 min, changes in viral infectious titers were measured. The effect of ions on virus inactivation under different humidity conditions was also examined using virus solutions containing 90% mixtures of saliva collected from 10 people. A decrease in viral infectivity was observed over time for all strains, but ion irradiation further accelerated the decrease in viral infectivity. Ion irradiation can inactivate all viral strains, but at 80% humidity, the effect did not appear until 90 min after irradiation. The presence of saliva protected the virus from drying and maintained infectiousness for a longer period compared with no saliva. In particular, the Omicron strain retained its infectivity titer longer than the other strains. Ion irradiation demonstrated a consistent reduction in the number of infectious viruses when compared to the control across varying levels of humidity and irradiation periods. This underscores the notable effectiveness of irradiation, even when the reduction effect is as modest as 50%, thereby emphasizing its crucial role in mitigating the rapid dissemination of SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Strain Differences, Humidity Changes, and Saliva Contamination on the Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Ion Irradiation

Ahmad Wadi,

Onomura,

Funamori

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…Studies have shown that low temperature and humidity exceed 80% RH can increase the survival of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces and in the air, leading to a higher risk of transmission [ 173 , 174 ]. On the other hand, higher temperatures can reduce the survival of the virus and decrease the risk of transmission [ 175 , 176 ]. In terms of ventilation, an engineering strategy to reduce the risk of transmission involves increasing the supply of outdoor air, improving air filtration, and avoiding air circulation in enclosed spaces.…”

Section: Environmental Factors On Sars-cov-2 Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and engineering strategies to mitigate risk

Leo,

Lin,

Markandan

et al. 2023

Journal of Building Engineering

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“…Because the persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces of different inanimate objects (often recyclable) varies accordingly and is short-lived, the number of viruses on the surfaces decreases logarithmically over time. In addition, according to the latest available scientific studies, surface contamination due to pathogens minimizes after 72 h. The effect of high temperatures (e.g., 30 to 40 • C) and humidity (e.g., 50% compared to 30%) can be fundamental for the longevity of viruses [59,60].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Transmission and Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Role of Environmental Factors on the Survival, Stability, and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and Their Contribution to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Review

et al. 2022

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Studies conducted in the last four years show conflicting findings on the role of the environment in the survival, stability, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Based on the current evidence, the factors that affect the severity of COVID-19 include host interaction, environmental stability, virus volume, stability, transmission, social interactions, and restriction measures. Moreover, the persistence of the virus depends on different environmental conditions, videlicet temperature, humidity, pH, salinity, and solar radiation. The outbreak of respiratory viruses is related mainly to temperature and humidity, and geographical locations (latitude). In SARS-CoV-2, mainly temperature and humidity seem to play a fundamental role. Moreover, studies have indicated that social health factors such as equitable health systems, hygiene, and underlying diseases have played a pivotal role in the incidence and outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore, addressing health issues associated with reducing SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks plays an essential role in global health. In contrast, the environmental stimuli of the COVID-19 outbreak are mainly unknown. Given the ongoing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand the stimuli to respond quickly to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants while implementing long-term and sustainable control strategies. This review discusses the role of environmental factors and health conditions in the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.

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A narrative review on the role of temperature and humidity in COVID-19: Transmission, persistence, and epidemiological evidence

Cited by 11 publications

References 116 publications

Effects of Strain Differences, Humidity Changes, and Saliva Contamination on the Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Ion Irradiation

Effects of Strain Differences, Humidity Changes, and Saliva Contamination on the Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Ion Irradiation

An overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and engineering strategies to mitigate risk

Investigating the Role of Environmental Factors on the Survival, Stability, and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and Their Contribution to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Review

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