A Narrative Review of the Potential Roles of Lipid-Based Vesicles (Vesiculosomes) in Burn Management

Abstract

Burn injuries can have a lasting effect on people’s quality of life, as they negatively impact their physical and mental health. Then, they are likely to suffer psychological problems as a result. A serious problem is that deep burns are more challenging to treat due to their slow healing rate and susceptibility to microbial infection. Conventional topical medications used for burn treatment are sometimes ineffective because they cannot optimize their ability of transcutaneous absorption at the targeted site and accelerate healing. However, nanotechnology offers excellent prospects for developing current medical wound therapies and is capable of addressing issues such as low drug stability, water solubility, permeability, and bioavailability. The current review focuses on lipid-based vesicles (vesiculosomes) as an example of advanced delivery systems, showing their potential clinical applications in burn wound management. Vesiculosomes may help overcome impediments including the low bioavailability of active agents, offering the controlled release of drugs, increased drug stability, fewer side effects, and reduced dosing frequency, which will ultimately improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. We discuss the application of various types of vesiculosomes such as liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, cubosomes, transfersomes, and phytosomes in burn healing therapy, as these demonstrate superior skin penetration compared to conventional burn topical treatment. We also highlight their noteworthy uses in the formulation of natural products and discuss the current status as well as future perspectives of these carriers in burn management. Furthermore, the burn treatment options currently available in the market are also summarized.

Development of Liposomal and Liquid Crystalline Lipidic Nanoparticles with Non-Ionic Surfactants for Quercetin Incorporation

“… Schematic representation of the prepared nanosystems with incorporated quercetin. Adapted by [ 50 , 51 ]. …”

Retrospectives on Three Decades of Safe Clinical Experience with Allogeneic Dermal Progenitor Fibroblasts: High Versatility in Topical Cytotherapeutic Care

“…Therein, low process flexibility, dependence on cold chain maintenance, and product application in clinical settings usually constitute the norm [ 36 ]. Therefore, despite several advantages of using fresh cell preparations for acute clinical conditions (e.g., burn patients), numerous advantages characterize a temperature stable semi-solid formulation such as an ointment or cream for outpatient use in chronic dermatological conditions [ 18 , 37 ]. Specifically, the possibility of multiplying product applications and transposing them to a non-clinical setting enables both cost of care rationalization and an augmentation of the long-term quality of care.…”

“…Precise and coordinated biological mechanisms of complex wound healing involving progenitor cells remain incompletely characterized, yet probably rely mainly on multi-factorial paracrine activities (e.g., via the combined actions of low doses of cytokines, growth factors, exosomes, etc.) [ 37 , 38 , 48 ]. Specifically, FE002-SK2 cells or derivatives were shown to stimulate the proliferation and the migration of primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro and were reported to contain important proteins and factors implicated in wound healing [ 38 ].…”

Status and Future Scope of Soft Nanoparticles-Based Hydrogel in Wound Healing

“…One of the major concerns of current topical treatment is that most drugs only penetrate the skin to a limited extent. To overcome this issue, the incorporation of drugs into vesicular lipid delivery systems, such as LP, is an approach being investigated [ 123 ]. They are vesicles comprised of concentric phospholipid bilayers, separated by aqueous compartments, which have been described as topical drug carriers.…”