A Narrative Review of Pediatric Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Dysfunction

New, Peter W

doi:10.1310/sci2502-112

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Despite other viruses (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, poliovirus, and arboviruses), we did not observe a SARS-CoV-2 infection of the spinal cord provoking a direct injury [30]. Indeed, our three cases developed SCD after COVID-19 for two different mechanisms: occlusion of the artery of Adamkiewicz and MSSA-related SEAs, probably precipitated by the IMT administered to treat COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Spinal cord dysfunction after COVID-19 infection

Sampogna

Tessitore²,

Bianconi³

et al. 2020

Spinal Cord Ser Cases

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Introduction We observed individuals affected by spinal cord dysfunction (SCD) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of our report is to provide our initial experience with individuals experiencing SCD after COVID-19 in a referral center in Northern Italy, from February 21 to July 15, 2020. Case presentation We report on three men with SCD after COVID-19. Case 1, aged 69 years, experienced T10 AIS B paraplegia upon awakening due to spinal cord ischemia from T8 to conus medullaris, besides diffuse thromboses, 27 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Case 2, aged 56 years, reported progressive cervicalgia 29 days after COVID-19 onset associated with C3 AIS C tetraplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a C4-C6 spinal epidural abscess (SEA) requiring a C3-C4 left hemilaminectomy. Case 3, aged 48 years, reported backache together with lower limb muscle weakness on day 16 after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Exam revealed T2 AIS A paraplegia and an MRI showed a T1-T7 SEA. He underwent a T3-T4 laminectomy. Prior to SCD, all three individuals suffered from respiratory failure due to COVID-19, required mechanical ventilation, had cardiovascular risk factors, experienced lymphopenia, and received tocilizumab (TCZ). Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first report of SCD after COVID-19. Based on our experience, we did not observe a direct viral infection, but there were two different etiologies. In Case 1, the individual developed spinal cord ischemia, whereas in Cases 2 and 3 SEAs were likely related to the use of TCZ used to treat COVID-19.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Spinal cord dysfunction after COVID-19 infection

Sampogna

Tessitore²,

Bianconi³

et al. 2020

Spinal Cord Ser Cases

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“…Something remarkable is that there is no internationally accepted term for spinal cord damage not due to trauma. Many different terms have been used in the literature to describe these conditions, including non-traumatic spinal cord injury, spinal cord damage, spinal cord dysfunction, spinal cord lesion, medical paraplegia, myelopathy, and spinal cord myelopathy [3].…”

Section: Sci Of Medical Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Etiological Profile of the Spinal Cord Injury

Pérez¹

2023

Paraplegia - New Insights

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The causes of spinal cord injury are multiple; classically they can be divided into two large groups: those of medical origin (tumor, infectious, vascular, by compression, sclerosis, and congenital) and those of traumatic origin (traffic accidents, accidental falls, work accidents, sports accidents (dives), attempts of autolysis, and violence). Its incidence and prevalence by sex, age, occupation, leisure activities, and geographic location are variable. The objective of this chapter is to review the different causes of spinal cord injury, especially traumatic ones, according to the different variables mentioned. The analysis of these data will allow strategies for the prevention of new injuries to be focused on the best direction.

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“…The most common method used is clip compression, making up over 50% of all compression models (Sharif‐Alhoseini et al, 2017). This is followed by balloon compression models and then several less utilized methods such as screw compression, solid spacer compression, weight drop compression, remote compression, expanding polymers, and spinal cord strapping (Cheriyan et al, 2014; Muir & Webb, 2000; New, 2019; Sharif‐Alhoseini et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2014). These models can be used to investigate specific aspects of spinal cord compression but may not entirely cover the broad range of compressive NTSCI seen clinically (Kang et al, 2018; New, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of compression spinal cord injury

Ridlen

McGrath

Gorrie

2022

J of Neuroscience Research

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Compression spinal cord injuries are a common cause of morbidity in people who experience a spinal cord injury (SCI). Either as a by‐product of a traumatic injury or due to nontraumatic conditions such as cervical myelitis, compression injuries are growing in prevalence clinically and many attempts of animal replication have been described within the literature. These models, however, often focus on the traumatic side of injury or mimic short‐term injuries that are not representative of the majority of compression SCI. Of this, nontraumatic spinal cord injuries are severely understudied and have an increased prevalence in elderly populations, adults, and children. Therefore, there is a need to critically evaluate the current animal models of compression SCI and their suitability as a method for clinically relevant data that can help reduce morbidity and mortality of SCI. In this review, we reviewed the established and emerging methods of animal models of compression SCI. These models are the clip, balloon, solid spacer, expanding polymer, remote, weight drop, calibrated forceps, screw, and strap methods. These methods showed that there is a large reliance on the use of laminectomy to induce injury. Furthermore, the age range of many studies does not reflect the elderly and young populations that commonly suffer from compression injuries. It is therefore important to have techniques and methods that are able to minimize secondary effects of the surgeries, and are representative of the clinical cases seen so that treatments and interventions can be developed that are specific.

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A Narrative Review of Pediatric Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Dysfunction

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Spinal cord dysfunction after COVID-19 infection

Spinal cord dysfunction after COVID-19 infection

Current Etiological Profile of the Spinal Cord Injury

Animal models of compression spinal cord injury

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