A Nanoscale Multichannel Closed Bipolar Electrode Array for Electrochemiluminescence Sensing Platform

Abstract

In this work, we report a nanoscale multichannel closed bipolar electrode (BPE) array based on the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) membrane for the first time. With our design, oxidants, coreactants, quenchers, and even biomarkers can be detected in a Ru(bpy)3(2+)/TPA (tripropylamine) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system. The multichannel PET membrane was etched according to our desire by NaOH, and then Au nanofibers were decorated in the inner region of the channel as a BPE array. Using ECL as a signal readout, a series of targets including TPA, Ru(bpy)3(2+), dopamine, H2O2, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) can be detected with this device. The practical application of the proposed multichannel closed BPE array was verified in the detection of AFP and CEA in human serum with satisfying results. This kind of nanoscale device holds promising potential for multianalysis. More importantly, as the PET membrane used in this device can be etched with a desirable diameter (nano- to microscale) and different BPE array densities (ion tracks of 10(8)/cm(2), 10(6)/cm(2), 10(4)/cm(2)), our design can be served as a useful platform for future advances in nanoscale bipolar electrochemistry.

Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescence with Quantum Dots and Arrays of Nanoelectrodes

“…Using the CBPEC approach, E. Wang and coworkers, developed a multichannel closed bipolar array suitable for ECL sensing . It is based on a microporous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) membrane where the pores have been filled with gold nanowires (420 nm diameter) deposited electrochemically or chemically.…”

“…The substrate electrode material used to this aim was boron‐doped diamond (BDD). BDD is particularly attractive for ECL studies thanks to its high chemical and electrochemical stability, satisfactory electrical conductivity and wide potential window, The preparation of arrays and ensembles of BDD nanoelectrodes have been previously achieved by nanoparticles templated procedure, by nanosphere lithography and by e‐beam lithography …”

Detection of Transient Nanoparticle Collision Events Using Electrochemiluminescence on a Closed Bipolar Microelectrode

“…Massive parallel arrays containing tens to hundreds of thousands c-BPEs can be used and simultaneously monitored using ECL or fluorescence. [24][25][26][27][28] Their utilization has become a unique strategy for monitoring large-scale heterogeneous electron-transfer events. When redox-generated light is used to measure the faradaic response, each electrode in a large array serves as an equivalent optical pixel for wide-scale spatial resolution of electrochemical processes.…”

Graphitic-phase carbon nitride-based electrochemiluminescence sensing analyses: recent advances and perspectives

“…With the increasing detection demand for interesting analytes, tremendous efforts have been devoted to establishing novel and sophisticated sensing techniques in recent years, such as uorescence, electrochemistry, colorimetry, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL), achieving signicant progress in environmental monitoring, food security, and early-stage diagnosis of disease. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Among them, ECL is an electrogenerated chemiluminescence process at electrode surface, in which the excited states of emitters are generated by high-powered electron transfer reactions and then return to the ground state for light emission. [9][10][11] In view of the ingenious technological integration of chemiluminescence and electrochemistry, the designed ECL analysis exhibits extraordinary properties including reduced background interference, high sensitivity, desirable controllability, and low-cost equipment.…”