A Nanoparticles based Microbiological Study on the Effect of Rosemary and Ginger Essential Oils against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Abstract

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen in outbreaks of hospital infections. It is one of the major factors for morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients especially those infected with colistin-resistant pathogens. Many plant essential oils have antimicrobial activities and have been investigated as natural sources to combat multiple antibiotic resistances. Moreover, recent advances in phytonanotechnology have created exciting opportunities for the management of many infections. Objective: This study aims at investigating the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of rosemary and ginger essential oil-based nano-sized formulations on colistin resistant K. pneumonia clinical isolates. Methods: Isolation and identification of 30 K. pneumonia isolates from different human samples were done followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing and detection of biofilm gene (mrkD). Examination of the activity of the tested essential oils and their chitosan nanoparticle formulations against the selected isolates was made by determination of their MICs using broth microdilution method followed by biofilm inhibition test and quantitative real-time PCR for the expression of mrkD gene in the presence of the oils and nanoparticles formulations compared to untreated bacterial isolates. Results: Our results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of rosemary and ginger oils was 1250 μg/ml, that of nanostructured lipid carrier-rosemary oil and nanostructured lipid carrier-ginger oil was 625 μg/ml and rosemary oil loaded chitosan nanoparticles and ginger oil loaded chitosan nanoparticles possessed minimum inhibitory concentration of 156 μg/ml. Results also revealed complete (100%) inhibition for mrkD gene expression when compared to untreated K. pneumonia. Conclusion: Oil loaded chitosan nanoparticles showed the highest antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity.

Prevalence of the colistin resistance gene <i>MCR-1</i> in colistin-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in Egypt

“…Each PCR reaction tube contained 20 µL reaction mixtures consisting of the following:1 µL TOPreal ™ One-step RT qPCR Enzyme Mix, 10 µL TOPreal™ One-step RT qPCR Reaction Mix, 2 µL RNA extract, 1 µL of each primer and 5 µL RNAase free water. GapA [36] and rpoB [37] were used as reference genes to normalize expression levels.…”

Nanophyto-gel against multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn wound infection

“…Broth microdilution method under standardized in vitro conditions was used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the formulations using a 96-well microdilution tray (Grianer, Pleidelsheim, Germany) with twofold drug-dilution steps. The growth of bacteria was visually evaluated according to the clearness of the solution (Abozahra et al., 2020 ). The pure cinnamon oil, pure gel, NLC blank gel, NLC-cinnamon colloid, and NLC-cinnamon oil gel, 2.5 mg/ml of each was twofold serially diluted with sterile nutrient broth, and then, 200 µl of each sample was transferred to the well of the microtiter tray.…”

A clinical perspective of chitosan nanoparticles for infectious disease management

“…Gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus were magnificently quantified using ABTS chemistry through the naked eye. Through this observation, we can predict that the CS-MNPs will deliver a brand-new approach to the detection of broad-spectrum bacteria in different samples [ 95 ]. Likewise, an ultra-sensitive immunosensor was designed using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) well dispersed in chitosan hydrogels for diagnosis of Salmonella in clinical samples [ 96 ].…”