A NAC transcription factor and SNI1 cooperatively suppress basal pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Kim, Ho Soo; Park, Hyeong Cheol; Kim, Kyung Eun; Jung, Myun Sook; Han, Hay Ju; Kim, Sun Ho; Kwon, Young Chul; Bahk, Sunghwa; An, Jonguk; Bae, Dong Won; Yun, Dae‐Jin; Kwak, Sang‐Soo; Chung, Woo Sik

doi:10.1093/nar/gks683

Cited by 49 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…NTL9 has been studied previously for its function in leaf senescence and immunity (34)(35)(36)(37). By examining transgenic plants expressing a β-glucuronidase reporter driven by the NTL9 promoter, Yoon et al have also confirmed that NTL9 is preferentially expressed in guard cells (35).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid

Zheng

Zhou

Yoo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

173

149

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The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is essential for local defense and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When plants, such as Arabidopsis, are challenged by different pathogens, an increase in SA biosynthesis generally occurs through transcriptional induction of the key synthetic enzyme isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1). However, the regulatory mechanism for this induction is poorly understood. Using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identified two transcription factors (TFs), NTM1-LIKE 9 (NTL9) and CCA1 HIKING EXPEDITION (CHE), as activators of ICS1 during specific immune responses. NTL9 is essential for inducing ICS1 and two other SA synthesis-related genes, PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), in guard cells that form stomata. Stomata can quickly close upon challenge to block pathogen entry. This stomatal immunity requires ICS1 and the SA signaling pathway. In the ntl9 mutant, this response is defective and can be rescued by exogenous application of SA, indicating that NTL9-mediated SA synthesis is essential for stomatal immunity. CHE, the second identified TF, is a central circadian clock oscillator and is required not only for the daily oscillation in SA levels but also for the pathogen-induced SA synthesis in systemic tissues during SAR. CHE may also regulate ICS1 through the known transcription activators CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN 60g (CBP60g) and SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1) because induction of these TF genes is compromised in the che-2 mutant. Our study shows that SA biosynthesis is regulated by multiple TFs in a spatial and temporal manner and therefore fills a gap in the signal transduction pathway between pathogen recognition and SA production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid

Zheng

Zhou

Yoo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

173

149

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“…It is thought that NAC genes positively regulate plant defense responses by activating PR genes, inducing a hypersensitive response (HR) and cell death at the site of infection, or negatively regulate plant basal pathogen resistance by suppressing PR1 expression (Jensen et al, 2007; Kaneda et al, 2009; Seo et al, 2010; Kim et al, 2012). In our experiment, 15 NAC genes exhibited differential expression out of a total of 180 in the apple genome (Figure 7; Su et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomics Analysis of Apple Leaves in Response to Alternaria alternata Apple Pathotype Infection

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Alternaria blotch disease of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), caused by the apple pathotype of Alternaria alternata, is one of the most serious fungal diseases to affect apples. To develop an understanding of how apples respond to A. alternata apple pathotype (AAAP) infection, we examined the host transcript accumulation over the period between 0 and 72 h post AAAP inoculation. Large-scale gene expression analysis was conducted of the compatible interaction between “Starking Delicious” apple cultivar and AAAP using RNA-Seq and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling methods. Our results show that a total of 9080 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected (>two-fold and FDR < 0.001) by RNA-Seq. During the early phase of infection, 12 h post inoculation (HPI), AAAP exhibited limited fungal development and little change in the transcript accumulation status (950 DEGs). During the intermediate phase of infection, the period between 18 and 36 HPI, increased fungal development, active infection, and increased transcript accumulation were detected (4111 and 3838 DEGs detected at each time point, respectively). The majority of DEGs were detected by 72 HPI, suggesting that this is an important time point in the response of apples' AAAP infection. Subsequent gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses showed that DEGs are predominately involved in biological processes and metabolic pathways; results showed that almost gene associated with photosynthesis, oxidation-reduction were down-regulated, while transcription factors (i.e., WRKY, MYB, NAC, and Hsf) and DEGs involved in cell wall modification, defense signaling, the synthesis of defense-related metabolites, including pathogenesis-related (PRs) genes and phenylpropanoid/cyanoamino acid /flavonoid biosynthesis, were activated during this process. Our study also suggested that the cell wall defensive vulnerability and the down-regulation of most PRs and HSP70s in “Starking Delicious” following AAAP infection might interpret its susceptible to AAAP.

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“…Arabidopsis AIF (ANTHER INDEHISCENCE FACTOR) has NARD and suppresses the jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway to control anther dehiscence, during early flower development (Shih et al, 2014). Arabidopsis CBNAC is a calmodulin regulated transcriptional repressor of basal plant defense during normal growth (Kim et al, 2012). VND-INTERACTING1 (VNI1) interacts with VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7) to control the formation of Arabidopsis xylem vessels by acting as a repressor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Rice NAC Transcription Factors Heteromerize and Are Associated with Seed Size

et al. 2016

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NACs are plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) involved in multiple aspects of development and stress. In rice, three NAC TF encoding genes, namely ONAC020, ONAC026, and ONAC023 express specifically during seed development, at extremely high levels. They exhibit significantly strong association with seed size/weight with the sequence variations located in the upstream regulatory region. Concomitantly, their expression pattern/levels during seed development vary amongst different accessions with variation in seed size. The alterations in the promoter sequences of the three genes, amongst the five rice accessions, correlate with the expression levels to a certain extent only. In terms of transcriptional properties, the three NAC TFs can activate and/or suppress downstream genes, though to different extents. Only ONAC026 is localized to the nucleus while ONAC020 and ONAC023 are targeted to the ER and cytoplasm, respectively. Interestingly, these two proteins interact with ONAC026 and the dimers localize in the nucleus. Trans-splicing between ONAC020 and ONAC026 results in three additional forms of ONAC020. The transcriptional properties including activation, repression, subcellular localization and heterodimerization of trans-spliced forms of ONAC020 and ONAC026 are different, indicating toward their role as competitors. The analysis presented in this paper helps to conclude that the three NAC genes, which are associated with seed size, have independent as well as overlapping roles during the process and can be exploited as potential targets for crop improvement.

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A NAC transcription factor and SNI1 cooperatively suppress basal pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid

Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid

Transcriptomics Analysis of Apple Leaves in Response to Alternaria alternata Apple Pathotype Infection

Three Rice NAC Transcription Factors Heteromerize and Are Associated with Seed Size

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