“…Such structures are probably best known from the Devonian Rhynie Chert (Kidston and Lang, 1921), and have aroused considerable interest because of their resemblance to extant vesiculararbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi. Butler (1939) was perhaps the first to suggest that such bodies were fossil representatives of the modern Endogonaceae, while others have reported similar fungi and considered the possibility of endomycorrhizal relationships in the Paleozoic (Weiss, 1904;Lignier, 1906;Osborn, 1909;Halket, 1930;Zimmermann, 1933;Andrews and Lenz, 1943;Wolf and Wolf, 1947;Kelly, 1950;Boullard and Lemoigne, 1971). More recently, Pirozynski and Malloch (1975) have argued for the presence of VA mycorrhizae associated with plants in the Paleozoic, and have suggested that the establishment of mycorrhizal relationships was a major factor in the development of the vascular land flora.…”