A mycoprotein-based high-protein vegan diet supports equivalent daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates compared with an isonitrogenous omnivorous diet in older adults: a randomised controlled trial

Monteyne, Alistair J; Dunlop, Mandy V; Machin, D.; Coelho, Mariana O C; Pavis, George F.; Porter, Craig; Murton, Andrew J.; Abdelrahman, Doaa R.; Dirks, Marlou L.; Stephens, Francis B.; Wall, Benjamin T.

doi:10.1017/s0007114520004481

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To allow the effect of age and cafeteria diet on habitual rates of muscle protein synthesis to be determined, the incorporation of deuterated alanine into mixed muscle proteins was measured over a two-week period using a previously described heavy water labelling approach ( 12 , 13 ). In short, the approach relies on the known ability of intracellular alanine to become deuterated via transamination reactions when body water is enriched with deuterium, occurring in a consistent and predictable manner ( 14 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For intracellular free amino acids, ions m/z 336 and 341 were monitored, while for bound protein, ions m/z 237 and 239 were examined. The enrichment of samples with deuterated alanine were examined on a gas-chromatography-pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Trace 1310 GC coupled to a Delta V IRMS via a high-temperature thermal conversion oven, Thermo Fisher Scientific), respectively, as described previously ( 12 , 13 , 19 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collected muscle samples were processed for the determination of [ 2 H 5 ]-phenylalanine and deuterated-alanine incorporation in muscle proteins as described previously (12,13). Briefly, approximately 30 mg of muscle tissue was homogenized in 10% perchloric acid before being centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 • C. Afterwards, the supernatant containing the free intracellular amino acids were collected.…”

Section: Tissue Processing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cafeteria Diet Impacts the Body Weight and Energy Expenditure of Brown Norway Rats in an Apparent Age Dependent Manner, but Has no Effect on Muscle Anabolic Sensitivity to Nutrition

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While obesity blunts the ability of muscle to mount a protein synthetic response to an amino acid infusion in older adults, it is unclear if this insensitivity to nutrition persists long term and in response to complete foods is unknown. To address this, young (2 months old) and old (17–20 months old) Brown Norway rats were randomized to receive either chow or a 12 wk diet of calorie-dense human foods. At wk 10 drinking water was supplemented with 2% heavy water, followed 2 weeks later by a flooding dose of [2H5]-phenylalanine and an oral leucine bolus, allowing the short and long-term effects of age and diet on muscle protein synthesis rates to be determined. The experimental diet increased energy intake in both young (7.4 ± 0.9%) and old (18.2 ± 1.8%) animals (P < 0.01), but only led to significant increases in body weight in the former (young: 10.2 ± 3.0% (P < 0.05) and old: 3.1 ± 5.1% (NS) vs. age-matched controls). Notably, energy expenditure in response to the cafeteria diet was increased in old animals only (chow: 5.1 ± 0.4; cafe: 8.2 ± 1.6 kcal.kg b.w−1.h−1; P < 0.05). Gastrocnemius protein fractional synthetic rates in response to either an acute leucine bolus or two weeks of feeding were equivalent across groups irrespective of age or diet. Rodents in old age appear capable of preventing weight gain in response to a calorie-dense diet by increasing energy expenditure while maintaining the anabolic sensitivity of muscle to nutrition; the mechanisms of which could have important implications for the aging obese human.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue Processing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cafeteria Diet Impacts the Body Weight and Energy Expenditure of Brown Norway Rats in an Apparent Age Dependent Manner, but Has no Effect on Muscle Anabolic Sensitivity to Nutrition

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent work has addressed the anabolic properties of a food source derived from cultivating a fungus (Fusarium venenatum), resulting in what has been coined mycoprotein [103][104][105]. This protein source has been reported to have a high protein content (~ 45%) with the protein showing an amino acid composition that does not differ much from dairy protein [106].…”

Section: Alternative Protein Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anabolic Response to Plant-Based Protein Ingestion

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a global trend of an increased interest in plant-based diets. This includes an increase in the consumption of plant-based proteins at the expense of animal-based proteins. Plant-derived proteins are now also frequently applied in sports nutrition. So far, we have learned that the ingestion of plant-derived proteins, such as soy and wheat protein, result in lower post-prandial muscle protein synthesis responses when compared with the ingestion of an equivalent amount of animal-based protein. The lesser anabolic properties of plant-based versus animal-derived proteins may be attributed to differences in their protein digestion and amino acid absorption kinetics, as well as to differences in amino acid composition between these protein sources. Most plant-based proteins have a low essential amino acid content and are often deficient in one or more specific amino acids, such as lysine and methionine. However, there are large differences in amino acid composition between various plant-derived proteins or plant-based protein sources. So far, only a few studies have directly compared the muscle protein synthetic response following the ingestion of a plant-derived protein versus a high(er) quality animal-derived protein. The proposed lower anabolic properties of plant- versus animal-derived proteins may be compensated for by (i) consuming a greater amount of the plant-derived protein or plant-based protein source to compensate for the lesser quality; (ii) using specific blends of plant-based proteins to create a more balanced amino acid profile; (iii) fortifying the plant-based protein (source) with the specific free amino acid(s) that is (are) deficient. Clinical studies are warranted to assess the anabolic properties of the various plant-derived proteins and their protein sources in vivo in humans and to identify the factors that may or may not compromise the capacity to stimulate post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates. Such work is needed to determine whether the transition towards a more plant-based diet is accompanied by a transition towards greater dietary protein intake requirements.

show abstract

“…The prevailing speculation is that plant-protein supplements are inferior to animal-based protein supplements in building muscle and increasing strength. However, vegan protein supplements (soy in a meta-analysis of nine long-term studies (≥6 weeks), and mycoprotein, a single-cell fungal protein, in a shortterm study (3 days)), compared to animal protein supplements, offer equivalent support for muscle mass gain and strength in healthy older adults and in untrained participants engaged in resistance exercise [145,146]. In support of this contention are the results of a recent meta-analysis showing that soy protein supplementation in men undergoing resistance exercise training led to gains in muscle mass and strength similar to those observed in men supplemented with whey protein or other animal proteins [146].…”

Section: Sport and Exercise Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Placing a Well-Designed Vegan Diet for Slovenes

Jakše

2021

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interest in vegan diets has increased globally as well as in Slovenia. The quantity of new scientific data requires a thorough synthesis of new findings and considerations about the current reserved position of the vegan diet in Slovenia. There is frequently confusion about the benefits of vegetarian diets that are often uncritically passed on to vegan diets and vice versa. This narrative review aims to serve as a framework for a well-designed vegan diet. We present advice on how to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks associated with the vegan diet and lifestyle. We highlight the proper terminology, present the health effects of a vegan diet and emphasize the nutrients of concern. In addition, we provide guidance for implementing a well-designed vegan diet in daily life. We conducted a PubMed search, up to November 2021, for studies on key nutrients (proteins, vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), calcium, iron, zinc, iodine and selenium) in vegan diets. Given the limited amount of scientific evidence, we focus primarily on the general adult population. A well-designed vegan diet that includes a wide variety of plant foods and supplementation of vitamin B12, vitamin D in the winter months and potentially EPA/DHA is safe and nutritionally adequate. It has the potential to maintain and/or to improve health. For physically active adult populations, athletes or individuals with fast-paced lifestyles, there is room for further appropriate supplementation of a conventional vegan diet according to individuals’ health status, needs and goals without compromising their health. A healthy vegan lifestyle, as included in government guidelines for a healthy lifestyle, includes regular physical activity, avoidance of smoking, restriction of alcohol and appropriate sleep hygiene.

show abstract

A mycoprotein-based high-protein vegan diet supports equivalent daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates compared with an isonitrogenous omnivorous diet in older adults: a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 23 publications

References 59 publications

Cafeteria Diet Impacts the Body Weight and Energy Expenditure of Brown Norway Rats in an Apparent Age Dependent Manner, but Has no Effect on Muscle Anabolic Sensitivity to Nutrition

Cafeteria Diet Impacts the Body Weight and Energy Expenditure of Brown Norway Rats in an Apparent Age Dependent Manner, but Has no Effect on Muscle Anabolic Sensitivity to Nutrition

The Anabolic Response to Plant-Based Protein Ingestion

Placing a Well-Designed Vegan Diet for Slovenes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About