A mutation (<scp>L1014F</scp>) in the voltage‐gated sodium channel of the grain aphid, <i>Sitobion avenae</i>, is associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides

Foster, S. P.; Paul, Verity Laura; Slater, Russell; Warren, A. Jane; Denholm, I.; Field, L. M.; Williamson, Martin S.

doi:10.1002/ps.3683

Cited by 80 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, owing to aphid damage average yields have been estimated to fall by 700 000 tonnes annually across Europe and it has also been shown that aphids can cost the American economy up to $274 million (Dedryver et al, 2010). Recently, chemical intervention by farmers has triggered aphid resistance mechanisms to pyrethroids that are commonly used to protect crops against aphid feeding damage (Foster et al, 2014). The constant evolution and resistance to chemical control and the EU-enforced reduction of insecticides available to farmers both serve to highlight the value of conservation biological control as a tool to help regulate aphid populations (Schmidt et al, 2003;Meiners & Peri, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host

Pérez-Rodríguez

Shortall

Bell

2015

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. Parasitoids are a valuable group for conservation biological control. In their role as regulators of aphid pests, it is critical that their lifecycle is synchronised with their hosts in both space and time. This is because a synchronised parasitoid community is more likely to strengthen the overall conservation biological control effect, thus damping aphid numbers and preventing potential outbreaks. One component of this host-parasitoid system was examined, that of migration, and the hypothesis that peak summer parasitoid and host migrations are synchronised in time was tested.2. Sitobion avenae Fabricius and six associated parasitoids were sampled from 1976 to 2013 using 12.2-m suction-traps from two sites in Southern England. The relationship between peak weekly S. avenae counts and their parasitoids was quantified.3. Simple regression models showed that the response of the peak parasitoids to the host was positive: generally, more parasitoids migrated with increasing numbers of aphids. Further, when averaged over time, the parasitoid migration peak date corresponded with the aphid migration peak. The co-occurrence of the peaks was between 51% and 64%. However, the summer peak in aphid migration is not steadily shifting forward with time unlike spring first flights of aphids. Cross-correlation analysis showed that there were no between-year lagged effects of aphids on parasitoids.4. These results demonstrate that the peak in migration phenology between host and parasitoid is broadly synchronised within a season. Because the threshold temperature for flight (> 12 ∘ C) was almost always exceeded in summer, the synchronising agent is likely to be crop senescence, not temperature. Studies are needed to assess the effects of climate change on the mismatch potential between parasitoids and their hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host

Pérez-Rodríguez

Shortall

Bell

2015

Ecological Entomology

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“…Resistance can spread extremely fast after its initial emergence. For example, the frequency of mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance has increased 50-to 1,000-fold in insects such as aphids and mosquitoes in less than a decade (7,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Delayed mortality effects cut the malaria transmission potential of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes

Viana

Hughes

Matthiopoulos

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

125

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Malaria transmission has been substantially reduced across Africa through the distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, the emergence of insecticide resistance within mosquito vectors risks jeopardizing the future efficacy of this control strategy. The severity of this threat is uncertain because the consequences of resistance for mosquito fitness are poorly understood: while resistant mosquitoes are no longer immediately killed upon contact with LLINs, their transmission potential may be curtailed because of longer-term fitness costs that persist beyond the first 24 h after exposure. Here, we used a Bayesian state-space model to quantify the immediate (within 24 h of exposure) and delayed (>24 h after exposure) impact of insecticides on daily survival and malaria transmission potential of moderately and highly resistant laboratory populations of the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Contact with LLINs reduced the immediate survival of moderately and highly resistant An. gambiae strains by 60–100% and 3–61%, respectively, and delayed mortality impacts occurring beyond the first 24 h after exposure further reduced their overall life spans by nearly one-half. In total, insecticide exposure was predicted to reduce the lifetime malaria transmission potential of insecticide-resistant vectors by two-thirds, with delayed effects accounting for at least one-half of this reduction. The existence of substantial, previously unreported, delayed mortality effects within highly resistant malaria vectors following exposure to insecticides does not diminish the threat of growing resistance, but posits an explanation for the apparent paradox of continued LLIN effectiveness in the presence of high insecticide resistance.

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“…Renewed interest in understanding aphid behaviour and host preferences are largely due to the recent development of insecticide resistance in many aphid species13 which, coupled with increasing restrictions on insecticide use14, are causing serious concerns for food security. Wheat is a crop of high economic importance as it is a main ingredient of many diets around the world1516.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Currently the main measure used to control pest populations are insecticides, however; S. avenae populations have developed resistance to classes of pesticides rendering them ineffective13, resulting in widespread infestation18 and focusing efforts on finding alternative control methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Unravelling mycorrhiza-induced wheat susceptibility to the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae

Simon

Wellham

Aradottir

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts that can increase or decrease aphid growth rates and reproduction, but the reason by which this happens is unknown. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this interaction, we examined the effect of AM fungi on the English Grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) development, reproduction, attraction, settlement and feeding behaviour on two naturally susceptible varieties Triticum aestivum (L.) variety Solstice and T. monococcum MDR037, and two naturally resistant lines, T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049. Mycorrhizal colonisation increased the attractiveness of T. aestivum var. Solstice to aphids, but there was no effect on aphid development on this variety. Using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique, we found that mycorrhizal colonisation increased aphid phloem feeding on T. monococcum MDR037 and MDR045, colonisation also increased growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenae on these varieties. Mycorrhizas increased vascular bundle size, demonstrating that these fungi can influence plant anatomy. We discuss if and how this could be related to an enhanced success rate in phloem feeding in two varieties. Overall, we present and discuss how mycorrhizal fungi can affect the feeding behaviour of S. avenae in wheat, inducing susceptibility in a resistant variety.

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A mutation (L1014F) in the voltage‐gated sodium channel of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, is associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides

Cited by 80 publications

References 17 publications

Large‐scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host

Large‐scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host

Delayed mortality effects cut the malaria transmission potential of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes

Unravelling mycorrhiza-induced wheat susceptibility to the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae

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