A mutant gibberellin-synthesis gene in rice

Sasaki, Akie; Ashikari, Motoyuki; Ueguchi-Tanaka, Miyako; Itoh, Hironori; Nishimura, Akio; Swapan, D.; Ishiyama, K.; Saito, Tamio; Kobayashi, Masatomo; Khush, G. S.; Kitano, Hidemi; Matsuoka, Makoto

doi:10.1038/416701a

Cited by 1,123 publications

(910 citation statements)

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“…The expression of GA20ox-2 in leaves corresponded well to the semi-dwarf phenotype of the sd1 mutants. As reported previously (Sasaki et al 2002), the presence of redundant enzymes in flowers could be important for fertilization of the sd1 allele in rice breeding, since the loss-of-function of SD1 may adversely affect flower development and fertilization if SD1 were the sole gene encoding GA20ox in rice.…”

Section: Expression Analysis Of the Sd1 Genementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Two amplified DNA fragments were obtained; one corresponded to the previously identified GA20ox-1, and the other was a novel GA20ox gene (GA20ox-2). Mapping analysis revealed that GA20ox-2 was located on the long arm of chromosome 1, tightly linked to the sd1 locus (Sasaki et al 2002). The nucleotide (cDNA) sequence of SD1 is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Cloning and Molecular Characterization Of Sd1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loss-of-function of a Rice Gibberellin Biosynthetic Gene, GA20 oxidase (GA20ox-2), Led to the Rice 'Green Revolution'.

et al. 2002

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A rice semi-dwarf variety, IR8, known as "miracle rice" enabled dramatic increases rice production and its widespread adoption averted predicted food shortages in Asia during the 1960s to 1990s. This remarkable achievement was referred to as "green revolution". The short stature of IR8 was derived from the semi-dwarf gene, sd1, and the sd1 gene contributed significantly to the rice "green revolution". In this paper, we described the physiological, molecular genetic and biochemical characterization of the sd1 gene. The sd1 mutant contained lower gibberellin (GA) levels than wild-type plants but responded sensitively to exogenous GA. Cloning and sequence analyses revealed that the SD1 gene encoded a GA biosynthetic enzyme, GA20 oxidase. In all of the sd1 mutants tested, nucleotide deletions or substitutions were observed in the GA20 oxidase gene (GA20ox-2), which induced an internal stop codon or single amino acid substitutions, respectively. The sd1 plants, which the wild-type GA20ox-2 gene was introduced showed the normal height. A recombinant GA20ox-2 protein produced from the cDNA clone in E. coli catalyzed the conversion of GA 53 to GA 20 . These results confirmed that SD1 encodes an active GA20 oxidase. The expression of GA20ox-2 was down-regulated by GA in a similar manner to that of some GA20oxs in other plants. The rice genome carried at least two GA 20-oxidase genes (GA20ox-1 and GA20ox-2) and SD1 corresponded to GA20ox-2, which is highly expressed in the leaves and flowers, whereas GA20ox-1 is preferentially expressed in the flowers. The reduced plant height associated with the sd1 alleles was due to the low amount of active GA in leaves, which was caused by a mutation of the GA20ox-2 gene. On the basis of these results, we discussed the importance of GA in the regulation of plant height in crop breeding.

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Section: Expression Analysis Of the Sd1 Genementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Cloning and Molecular Characterization Of Sd1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss-of-function of a Rice Gibberellin Biosynthetic Gene, GA20 oxidase (GA20ox-2), Led to the Rice 'Green Revolution'.

et al. 2002

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“…The most effective QTL in increasing the shoot length via the Arroz da Terra allele, qSL1, was detected in the Chr .1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 RM5423 RM8105 RM3233 RM2770 RM4355 RM4108 RM1248 RM1200 RM5579 RM6517 RM6467 RM3408 RM5752 RM1353 RM7479 RM8010 RM6369 RM6356 RM8018 RM1148 RM3892 RM7492 RM3882 RM7217 RM286 RM1812 et al, 2000), D10 (Arite et al, 2007), THIS1 (Liu et al, 2013), Psd1 (Li et al, 2014), CIGR (Kovi et al, 2011), SD1 (Sasaki et al, 2002;Ashikari et al, 2005. Yano et al, 2012 and SPS (Ishimaru et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yano et al, 2012 and SPS (Ishimaru et al, 2004). Among them, SD1, which encodes for gibberellin 20 oxidase-2 (OsGA20ox2), is well known as a semi-dwarf gene (Sasaki et al, 2002). OsGA20ox2 is the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellin (Sasaki et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, SD1, which encodes for gibberellin 20 oxidase-2 (OsGA20ox2), is well known as a semi-dwarf gene (Sasaki et al, 2002). OsGA20ox2 is the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellin (Sasaki et al, 2002). Loss of the function of OsGA20ox2 is known to shorten the plant height both in seedling and heading stages ( reported to have the nonfunctional allele of OsGA20ox2, which had the 383-bp deletion in the coding region (Ashikari et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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QTLs for Shoot Length and Chlorophyll Content of Rice Seedlings Grown under Low-Temperature Conditions, using a Cross between Indica and Japonica Cultivars

Fukuda¹,

Terao²

2015

Plant Production Science

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Gibberellin – Mechanism of Action

Schwechheimer

2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Since their discovery, gibberellin (GA) diterpenoid phytohormones have been used by agriculturalists and horticulturalists to control plant growth and to improve yield quantity and quality. Coordinated breeding efforts after World War II have led to strong yield increases following the introduction of dwarfing alleles that impair GA signalling in wheat and GA biosynthesis in rice, later named the ‘Green Revolution’. In the last two decades, the identity of the basic components of the GA signal transduction pathway has been elucidated. Core to GA action is the regulation of DELLA protein levels, repressors that control plant growth by negatively interfering mainly, but as it emerges not exclusively, with transcription regulator activities. Here, the author summarises the current knowledge of GA signal transduction, thereby putting an emphasis on the crosstalk of GA signalling with the light and jasmonic acid signalling pathways and with microtubule organisation. Key Concepts: Manipulation of gibberellin (GA) signalling has contributed to the ‘Green Revolution’. DELLA proteins are GA‐labile growth repressors that mainly, but not exclusively, repress transcription factors. GA inactivates DELLAs by targeting them for degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Alternative GA‐independent DELLA inactivation mechanisms have been described. GA and DELLAs repress PIF and BZR1 transcription factors to control light‐regulated development. GA and DELLAs antagonistically control different steps in the signal transduction of the phytohormone jasmonic acid. GA and DELLAs modulate microtubule formation by modulating prefoldin activity.

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A mutant gibberellin-synthesis gene in rice

Cited by 1,123 publications

References 8 publications

Loss-of-function of a Rice Gibberellin Biosynthetic Gene, GA20 oxidase (GA20ox-2), Led to the Rice 'Green Revolution'.

Loss-of-function of a Rice Gibberellin Biosynthetic Gene, GA20 oxidase (GA20ox-2), Led to the Rice 'Green Revolution'.

QTLs for Shoot Length and Chlorophyll Content of Rice Seedlings Grown under Low-Temperature Conditions, using a Cross between Indica and Japonica Cultivars

Gibberellin – Mechanism of Action

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