A musculoskeletal model of low grade connective tissue inflammation in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO): the WOMED concept of lateral tension and its general implications in disease

Abstract

Background: Low level connective tissue inflammation has been proposed to play a role in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). The aim of this study was to investigate this postulate by a musculoskeletal approach together with biochemical parameters.

3D-MRI rendering of the anatomical structures related to acupuncture points of the Dai mai, Yin qiao mai and Yang qiao mai meridians within the context of the WOMED concept of lateral tension: implications for musculoskeletal disease

“…ankle joint instability, myalgia, fibromyalgia, and low back pain. Furthermore, the model might be of relevance for patients with moving toes [31], since this feature was also found in TAO patients [15]. Acupressure on points of the extra-ordinary meridians described here was able to regulate this inducible phenomenon of moving toes.…”

“…Our recent description of the WOMED concept of lateral tension as a mechanism related to low level inflammation of the connective tissue in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) included the diagnostic-therapeutic use of specific acupuncture points that belong to the so-called extraordinary meridians [15]. Based on our clinical experience we can include other groups of patients with muscular affections that fit into this model, e.g.…”

“…In addition, contraction of the abdominal muscles can result in the production of a band-like change [46]. We have found such "taut-bands" on the lateral abdominal wall in the series of patients with TAO [15]. Evidence showing metabolic activation of the lateral abdominal muscles have been mentioned in the description of the model of lateral tension [15].…”

“…Based on clinical observations gained from patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) we have recently developed the a biomechanical model related to low-grade inflammation of the connective tissue [15]. In this model the lateral aspect of the body is found to be in an arch-like position.…”

Thyroid Sonography in 3D with Emphasis on Perfusion

“…We postulate that the VFI represents an inflammatory process that is present in several thyroid entities. Initially we had described this as a "low grade connective tissue inflammation" in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy [39]. In this publication we discussed amply the role of Se in inflammation.…”