A Multiyear Analysis of Global Precipitation Combining CloudSat and GPM Precipitation Retrievals

Hayden, Lindsey; Liu, Chuntao

doi:10.1175/jhm-d-18-0053.1

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A diurnal cycle may not be taken into account in precipitation climatologies based on satellite products over the SO. For instance, CloudSat CPR has widely been used to study oceanic precipitation, e.g., [3,47,48]; however, since CloudSat is in a Sun-synchronous orbit, the data from this satellite only contain precipitation that occurs at the same two times every day. Further, night-time observations are not available from April 2011 onward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of a Diurnal Cycle in Precipitation over the Southern Ocean as Observed at Macquarie Island

et al. 2020

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Due to a lack of observations, relatively large discrepancies exist between precipitation products over the Southern Ocean. In this manuscript, surface hourly precipitation observations from Macquarie Island (54.62 • S, 158.85 • E) are analysed (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) to reveal a diurnal cycle. The precipitation rate is at a maximum during night/early morning and a minimum in the afternoon at Macquarie Island station. Seasonally, the diurnal cycle is strongest in summer and negligible over winter. Such a cycle is consistent with precipitation arising from marine boundary layer clouds, suggesting that such clouds are making a substantial contribution to total precipitation over Macquarie Island and the Southern Ocean. Using twice daily upper air soundings (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011), lower troposphere stability parameters show a stronger inversion at night, again consistent with precipitation arising from marine boundary layer clouds. The ERA-Interim precipitation is dominated by a 12 hourly cycle, year around, which is likely to be a consequence of the twice-daily initialisation. The implication of a diurnal cycle in boundary layer clouds over the Southern Ocean to derived A-Train satellite precipitation products is also discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of a Diurnal Cycle in Precipitation over the Southern Ocean as Observed at Macquarie Island

et al. 2020

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“…The cloud types for precipitating profiles are presented in Figure 8, together with the cloud depth and the mean elevations of the lowest rainy cloud layers. Moderately deep (6-8 km) Ns clouds dominate everywhere producing precipitation, except for thin (<1 km) Sc clouds that dominate and produces light rain over the subtropical Pacific Ocean (e.g., Hayden and Liu, 2018). Deep (>8 km) DC clouds also produce rain on the lee of the subtropical Andes while low and thin (<1 km) Sc clouds over the extratropical Pacific Ocean (Figures 8A-C).…”

Section: Precipitating Cloud Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Climates at Both Sides of the Andes in Argentina and Chile

Viale

Bianchi

Cara

et al. 2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Aircraft measurements can also give a direct estimation of RLWC with a high accuracy, but they are costly and have a limited spatiotemporal availability. Measurements from polar-orbiting satellite, such as Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), can give spatial statistics for precipitation, but the ground track repeat time is several days (Hayden & Liu, 2018) and it is difficult to cover the microphysical profiles of a whole rainfall process at a fixed location. Micro rain radar (MRR) has the ability of measuring vertical drop size distribution and can also calculate the vertical profile of RLW; MRRs therefore provide a way to study properties of RLWC and CLWC (Ojo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, highly variable emission of the land surface in the microwave band limits the retrievals of LWC from satellite‐based measurements over land (Chen et al, 2007). Moreover, the poor temporal resolution of polar‐orbiting satellites means that it is difficult to meet the requirement of sequential analysis at fixed points (Hayden & Liu, 2018; Stephens et al, 2002). Ground‐based microwave radiometers (MWRs) can retrieve CLW profile in atmosphere and have been proved to be one of the most accurate methods for determining the CLWP (Crewell & Löhnert, 2003; Westwater, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Cloud Liquid Water and Rain Liquid Water Obtained From Microwave Radiometer and Micro Rain Radar Observations Over Central China During the Monsoon

zhang

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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We investigated the cloud liquid water (CLW) and rain liquid water (RLW) during weak precipitations (rain rate below 12 mm/h) using microwave radiometer and microrain radar measurements collected by the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment over central China in 2018. The CLW path increased sharply from 0.6 to 4.1 mm for precipitation clouds. RLW path presented a similar trend, although it had a larger correlation coefficient with rain rate. Precipitation efficiency reached up tõ 50% and then clearly decreased as precipitation weakened. Because weak precipitation is mostly formed in stable nimbostratus, CLW content (CLWC) during precipitation tends to has a quasi-normal distribution with mode at 0.38 g/m 3 , whereas RLW content (RLWC) shows a positively skewed distribution with mode at 0.06 g/m 3. Normalized CLWC initially increases then decreases with height in nonprecipitation clouds but varies slightly in precipitation clouds due to relatively monodispersed droplets in the weaker convective motion. CLWC derived from millimeter-wave cloud radar (MMCR) shows similar vertical distribution but with larger values. The mean normalized CLWCs are 0.06 and 0.38 g/m 3 for nonprecipitation and precipitation clouds, respectively. RLWC varies slightly with height with a mean of 0.22 g/m 3 because both the collision and breakup of raindrops are weak. A case study showed different distributions and vertical structures of CLWC and RLWC in various stages of precipitation. Thicker clouds result in larger CLWC and RLWC, which will cause greater rain rate. This qualitatively explains relationships among cloud thickness, CLW, RLW, and rain rate in precipitation during the monsoon.

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A Multiyear Analysis of Global Precipitation Combining CloudSat and GPM Precipitation Retrievals

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Evidence of a Diurnal Cycle in Precipitation over the Southern Ocean as Observed at Macquarie Island

Evidence of a Diurnal Cycle in Precipitation over the Southern Ocean as Observed at Macquarie Island

Contrasting Climates at Both Sides of the Andes in Argentina and Chile

Comparative Study of Cloud Liquid Water and Rain Liquid Water Obtained From Microwave Radiometer and Micro Rain Radar Observations Over Central China During the Monsoon

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