A Multivariate Analysis of Red Blood Cell Membrane Transports and Plasma Levels of &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-Tyrosine and &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-Tryptophan in Depressed Patients before Treatment and after Clinical Improvement

Chiaroni, P.; Azorin, Jean‐Michel; Bovier, Patrick A.; Widmer, Jean; Jeanningros, Régine; Barré, Annie; Dufour, H.; Tatossian, A; Tissot, R

doi:10.1159/000118707

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Plasma TYR and PHE have been measured in the present study, and no change was found between en dogenous depressed patients and normal controls. Moreover, as we showed previously, plasma TYR and PHE levels did not change during a six-week period of drug treatment (Chiaroni et al 1990). Thus, the proba bility that these aminoacids influenced the synthesis of 5-HT is very low, but caution must be taken, as all of the NAAs (i.e., leucine, isoleucine and valine) have not been measured.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Platelet Serotonin and Plasma Tryptophan in Depressed Patients: Effect of Drug Treatment and Clinical Outcome

Karege

Widmer

Bovier

et al. 1994

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Platelet serotonin and plasma tryptophan were studied in healthy subjects and in depressed patients before and during their antidepressant drug treatment. Before treatment, mean platelet serotonin level was normal in depressed patients compared with healthy subjects while a significant decrease in patients' plasma TRP was noted (t = 6.0, P < .001). anxiety scores. Antidepressant drugs treatment decreased platelet 5-HT level (ANOVA F = B.27, P < .001) whatever the clinical outcome of the patient, whereas the changes observed in plasma TRP were positively related to the mood state change. These results suggest that platelet serotonin could be a good pharmacological model but has no relevance concerning the mood state.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Platelet Serotonin and Plasma Tryptophan in Depressed Patients: Effect of Drug Treatment and Clinical Outcome

Karege

Widmer

Bovier

et al. 1994

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Due to exclusion criteria mentioned in ESF, table 4, three out of these 124 studies were excluded. Hence, the current meta-analysis involved 121 studies (Coppen, Brooksbank et al 1972, Coppen, Eccleston et al 1973, Moller, Kirk et al 1976, Wood, Harwood et al 1978, Shaw, Tidmarsh et al 1980, DeMyer, Shea et al 1981, Healy, Carney et al 1982, Møller, Kirk et al 1982, Menna-Perper 1983, Gerner, Fairbanks et al 1984, Joseph, Brewerton et al 1984, Guicheney, Léger et al 1988, Cowen, Parry-Billings et al 1989, Anderson, Parry-Billings et al 1990, Chiaroni, Azorin et al 1990, Maes, Jacobs et al 1990, Russ, Ackerman et al 1990, Price, Charney et al 1991, Lucca, Lucini et al 1992, Quintana 1992, Maes, Meltzer et al 1993, Møller 1993, Ortiz, Mariscot et al 1993, Karege, Widmer et al 1994, Maes, De Backer et al 1995, Maes, Wauters et al 1996, Maes, Verkerk et al 1997, Mauri, Ferrara et al 1998, Song, Lin et al 1998, Moreno, Gelenberg et al 1999, Hoekstra, van den Broek et al 2001, Mauri, Boscati et al 2001, Porter, Gallagher et al 2003, Rief, Pilger et al 2004, Hayward, Goodwin et al 2005, Hoekstra, Fekkes et al 2006, Miller, Llenos et al 2006, Myint, Kim et al 2007, Myint, Kim et al 2007, Czermak, Hauger et al 2008, Manjarrez-Gutierrez, Marquez et al 2009, Roiser, Levy et al 2009, Gabbay, Klein et al 2010, Olsson, Samuelsson et al 2010, Maes, Galecki et al 2011, Steiner, Walter et al 2011, Sublette, Galfalvy et al 2011, Ebesunun, Eruvulobi et al 2012, Hughes, Carballedo et al 2012, Maes and Rief 2012, Pinto, de Souza et al 2012, Xu, Fang et al 2012, Erhardt, Lim et al 2013, Hennings, Schwarz et al 2013, Moreno, Gaspar et al 2013, Quak, Doornbos et al 2014, Reininghaus, McIntyre et al 2014, Bay-Richter, Linderholm et al 2015, Bradley, Case et al 2015, Busse, Busse et al 2015, Dahl, Andreassen ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in major depressive and bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Almulla

Thipakorn

Maes

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: There is now evidence that affective disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are mediated by immune-inflammatory and nitro-oxidative pathways. Activation of these pathways may be associated with activation of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway leading to depletion of tryptophan (TRP) and increases in tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs). Aims: To systematically review and meta-analyze TRP, its competing amino-acids (CAAs) and TRYCAT data in MDD and BD. Methods: This review searched PubMed, Google Scholar and SciFinder and included 121 full-text articles and 15470 individuals, including 8024 MDD/BD patients and 7446 healthy controls. Results: TRP levels (either free and total) and the TRP/CAAs ratio were significantly decreased (p<0.0001) in MDD/BD as compared with controls with a moderate effect size (standardized mean difference for TRP: SMD=-0.513, 95% confidence interval, CI: -0.611; -0.414; and TRP/CAAs: SMD=-0.558, CI: -0.758; -0.358). Kynurenine (KYN) levels were significantly decreased in patients as compared with controls with a small effect size (p<0.0001, SMD= -0.213, 95%CI: -0.295; -0.131). These differences were significant in plasma (p<0.0001, SMD=-0.304, 95%CI: -0.415, -0.194) but not in serum (p=0.054) or the central nervous system (CNS, p=0.771). The KYN/TRP ratio, frequently used as an index of indoleamine-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, and neurotoxicity indices based on downstream TRYCATs were unaltered or even lowered in MDD/BD. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that MDD/BD are accompanied by TRP depletion without IDO and TRYCAT pathway activation. Lowered TRP availability is probably the consequence of lowered serum albumin during the inflammatory response in affective disorders.

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“…Two CSF studies included both BD-D and BD-M patients ( 29 , 30 ), one solely BD-M ( 31 ) and one solely euthymic BD patients ( 15 ). Eight serum/plasma studies included only BD-D ( 12 , 23 , 33 , 35 – 37 , 41 , 42 ), one only BD-M ( 14 ), one only euthymic BD ( 39 ), two both BD-D and BD-M patients ( 24 , 40 ), one study both BD-M and euthymic BD ( 34 ) and two studies BD-D, BD-M and BD-Mixed patients ( 10 , 17 ). In the two remaining studies the mood state of BD patients was not specified ( 13 , 38 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality analysis showed an overall moderate methodological quality with 12 studies (57%) scoring half of the maximum score or more (5/10 or more). Eight studies (38%) had a sample size of less than twenty patients ( 12 , 23 , 29 – 31 , 33 , 36 , 42 ). Only five studies recruited a matched control sample ( 13 , 23 , 24 , 34 , 38 ) and all but one study ( 10 ) reported unadjusted mean TRYCAT levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveTryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders by mediating immune-inflammation and neurodegenerative processes. We performed a meta-analysis of TRYCAT levels in bipolar disorder (BD) patients compared to healthy controls.MethodsA systematic literature search in seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Emcare, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier) was conducted on TRYCAT levels in cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral blood according to the PRISMA statement. A minimum of three studies per TRYCAT was required for inclusion. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were computed using random effect models. Subgroup analyses were performed for BD patients in a different mood state (depressed, manic). The methodological quality of the studies was rated using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality assessment Scale.ResultsTwenty-one eligible studies were identified. Peripheral levels of tryptophan (SMD = -0.44; p < 0.001), kynurenine (SMD = - 0.3; p = 0.001) and kynurenic acid (SMD = -.45; p = < 0.001) were lower in BD patients versus healthy controls. In the only three eligible studies investigating TRP in cerebrospinal fluid, tryptophan was not significantly different between BD and healthy controls. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference in TRP and KYN values between manic and depressed BD patients, but these results were based on a limited number of studies.ConclusionThe TRYCAT pathway appears to be downregulated in BD patients. There is a need for more and high-quality studies of peripheral and central TRYCAT levels, preferably using longitudinal designs.

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A Multivariate Analysis of Red Blood Cell Membrane Transports and Plasma Levels of <i>L</i>-Tyrosine and <i>L</i>-Tryptophan in Depressed Patients before Treatment and after Clinical Improvement

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Platelet Serotonin and Plasma Tryptophan in Depressed Patients: Effect of Drug Treatment and Clinical Outcome

Platelet Serotonin and Plasma Tryptophan in Depressed Patients: Effect of Drug Treatment and Clinical Outcome

The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in major depressive and bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

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