“…The distribution result of χ 2 first appeared in [7]. His result was extended independently to very general cases by Kud o [22] , Nüesch [23] and Perlman [24] . Shapiro [21] gave a presentation of the general case.…”
Section: Distribution Theory For the Test Statisticmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…For computation of the weights, Kud o [22] proposed a formula for the weights ω i (k, Σ , R k + ), in the case of V = R k + = {x : x > 0} for k ≤ 4 and the expression in a closed form of ω i (k, Σ , R k + ) is available. For k > 4, there is not a closed expression form for the weights, but reasonably accurate estimates of the weights can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.…”
Section: Distribution Theory For the Test Statisticmentioning
Trend test in dose-response has been a central problem in medicine. This paper treats the problem of comparing umbrella pattern treatment effects. Under an ordered m × r × k table, this article considers testing the hypothesis that all multinomial populations are conditional independence against the alternative that they are in an umbrella trend. For this hypothesis test problem, this article introduces a model-free test method by using likelihood ratio test statistic and gives the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic. Simulation study is conducted to compare the empirical power performed via the proposed method and others. Finally, two real data are studied to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
“…The distribution result of χ 2 first appeared in [7]. His result was extended independently to very general cases by Kud o [22] , Nüesch [23] and Perlman [24] . Shapiro [21] gave a presentation of the general case.…”
Section: Distribution Theory For the Test Statisticmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…For computation of the weights, Kud o [22] proposed a formula for the weights ω i (k, Σ , R k + ), in the case of V = R k + = {x : x > 0} for k ≤ 4 and the expression in a closed form of ω i (k, Σ , R k + ) is available. For k > 4, there is not a closed expression form for the weights, but reasonably accurate estimates of the weights can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.…”
Section: Distribution Theory For the Test Statisticmentioning
Trend test in dose-response has been a central problem in medicine. This paper treats the problem of comparing umbrella pattern treatment effects. Under an ordered m × r × k table, this article considers testing the hypothesis that all multinomial populations are conditional independence against the alternative that they are in an umbrella trend. For this hypothesis test problem, this article introduces a model-free test method by using likelihood ratio test statistic and gives the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic. Simulation study is conducted to compare the empirical power performed via the proposed method and others. Finally, two real data are studied to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
“…First, H 0 :h = h 0 is not the correct null hypothesis, and it is not obvious how to choose h 0 2 H 0 . Kudo (1962), Gourieroux et al (1982), and Kodde and Palm (1986) suggest defining a different test statistic,…”
The effects of rurality on physical and mental health are examined in analyses of a national dataset, the Community Tracking Survey, 2000-2001, that includes individual level observations from household interviews. We merge it with county level data reflecting community resources and use econometric methods to analyze this multi-level data. The statistical analysis of the impact of the choice of definition on outcomes and on the estimates and significance of explanatory variables in the model is presented using modern econometric methods, and differences in results for mental health and physical health are evaluated.
“…Kudô (1963) and Perlman (1969) derived the likelihood ratio tests for the above onesided alternative; however, these tests are very complicated and the null distributions of the test statistics are difficult to evaluate. O'Brien (1984) bypassed this difficulty by using a restricted alternative hypothesis.…”
Section: Ordinary Least Squares (Ols) Testmentioning
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