“…We have previously demonstrated that all of these genes are differentially expressed in the retina after 3 months of uncontrolled diabetes in multiple independent cohorts of animals and that the dysregulation occurs after different periods of hyperglycemia and loss of insulin signaling. In timecourse experiments examining 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months of uncontrolled diabetes, we demonstrated that changes in expression occur as early as two weeks (C1inh, C1s, Carhsp1, Chi3L1, End2, Gbp2, Hspb1, Jak3, Kcne2, Lama5, Lgals3, Lgals3bp, Nppa, Pedf, Timp) or at some time after 1 month and before 3 months (Ccr5, Dcamkl1, Ednrb, Icam1, Mct1, Pcgf1, Slc6a11, Stat3, Tnfrsf12a) (Freeman et al, 2010). In agreement with previous findings, all biomarker transcripts were differentially expressed (ANOVA, BH-MTC) with the exceptions of Ednrb, Lama5, Pcgf1, and Pedf which did not reach significance and pass multiple testing correction (Supplemental Table 1, Figure 4a).…”