A Multistage Stimulation Operation to Unlock the Gas Potential of the Turonian Siltstone Formation in Western Siberia

Abstract

One of the strategic targets in Yamal autonomous district, the Turonian siltstone formation, lies above the Cenomanian formation and is separated by a massive argillite barrier. Successful stimulation experience in vertical wells in the North-Kharampurskoe field during 2008 to 2010 encouraged the operator planning the next step of field exploration to consider horizontal well completions using multistage stimulation. The paper will describe pilot campaign in details. The Yamal Turonian formation was formed in a coastal marine environment with slow deposition rates and is composed primarily of siltstone. The major challenges of the Turonian formation are low permeability (∼0.5 md) and extremely high clay content—chlorite, kaolinite, illite, and mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite. The low temperature of the Turonian formation (below 80°F) also presents a significant challenge for gas production. An operator must produce at minimum drawdown to avoid hydrates creation. The shallow reservoir depth (∼ 3,000 ft) restricts recovering potential energy stored inside of the formation (initial reservoir pressure of about 1600 psi); therefore, hydraulic fracturing is a must for economic development of the Turonian formation. Selecting the correct fracturing fluid required extensive laboratory tests for compatibility and rheology adjustments. Thorough optimization of the fracturing fluid with clay stabilizer was applied during the course of this project. Additional challenges included proppant flowback tendency and inefficiency of conventional methods (resin-coated proppant) at such low temperatures. The project began by stimulating a vertical well that was used as a reference for the fracture horizontal well that was stimulated in three stages. Coring and a full logging suite were performed on the reference well, including acoustic measurements, post-frac, to obtain fracture height growth. It was shown that fracture is vertical at such depth and that it covers the whole interval without vertical growth into argillaceous barriers. Bottom hole gauges were used to complete the precise mechanical modeling of the stimulated reference well. Evaluation of the mechanical and properties were completed using E&P software platform-based simulator to optimize the multistage fracturing design in the horizontal well. This paper includes a detailed sequence of the operations performed and explains conclusions made concerning fracture geometry. The lessons learned during the assessment campaign are described. This stimulation project performed in the North-Kharampurskoe field is fundamental in development of the field and serves as important step toward unlocking the gas potential of other Turonian siltstones.

Comparison of Klinkenberg-Corrected Gas and Liquid Permeability in Kirthar Fold Belt Tight Gas Sands

“…One is shallow marine and other one is fluviodeltaic to deep marine turbidites. There were three facies were recognized as transitional proximal to distal settings, as the deep shelf facies and shore face associations in the North depositional system[20,[23][24].…”