“…Regarding the positive functions of leadership and management competencies of nurse leaders, a growing body of researches have shown their contribution on patient outcomes and nursing workforce outcomes, including better patient satisfaction (Akbiyik et al, 2020; Andrews et al, 2012), work engagement (Manning, 2016), performance (Lega et al, 2013), quality of care (Alloubani et al, 2019) and fewer adverse events related to patient safety (Wong et al, 2013), turnover rate (Almutairi & Bahari, 2021; Suliman et al, 2020) and job stress (Cummings et al, 2018). The results of the above studies all suggest the importance and necessity of mastering leadership and management competencies for nurse leaders.…”