A multiscale three-zone reactive mixing model for engineering a scale separation in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose

Chakraborty, Saikat; Raju, Satyanarayana; Pal, Raktim

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.088

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…nowadays, it gains comprehensive attention and application in the energy and resource research of biomass. It comes down to different scale of heat transfer 7 , 8 , compound material and analysis of biomass construction at different scale 9 – 16 , different scale of thermodynamics and dynamics for biomass treatment process 6 , 15 – 25 , different scale of chemistry mechanism 26 – 32 and multi-scale coupling in biomass treatment 32 – 45 . Mushrif figured that multi-scale tool is a effective means in biomass transform technology 46 , Coupling of multi-scale is more important in the research of energy and resource for biomass 47 – 59 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic liquefaction of sewage sludge to small molecular weight chemicals

Wang

Tian

Guo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The catalytic hydrotreatment of sewage sludge, the wet solid byproducts from wastewater treatment plants, using supported Ir, Pt, Pd, Ru catalysts had been investigated with different solvent conditions. Reactions were carried out in a batch set-up at elevated temperatures (400 °C) using a hydrogen donor (formic acid (FA) in isopropanol (IPA) or hydrogen gas), with sewage sludge obtained from different sampling places. Sewage sludge conversions of up to 83.72% were achieved using Pt/C, whereas the performance for the others catalysts is different and solvent had a strong effect on the conversion rate and product constitution. The sewage sludge oils were characterised using a range of analytical techniques (GC, GC–MS, GCxGC, GPC) and were shown to consist of monomers, mainly alkanes and higher oligomers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic liquefaction of sewage sludge to small molecular weight chemicals

Wang

Tian

Guo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…These solid-phase reactions are followed by liquid-phase enzymatic hydrolysis of the soluble reducing sugars to xylose, which increases the yield of fermentable sugars in the reactor. Quantifying the disparate nature of the transport and catalytic processes at different length scales would provide a key to the complete understanding of the depolymerization process …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, Michaelis–Menten type kinetics with competitive/noncompetitive product inhibition is used to model the hydrolysis process. At the reactor scale, reactor mixing is used to overcome the mass transfer resistances engendered by high viscosity and enhance the hydrolysis rates and the reducing sugar yields . Reactor-scale mixing (macromixing) reduces the convective timescale in the reactor as well as diffusive timescale in the boundary layer around the solid xylan particle, which in turn accelerates the transport of soluble enzymes from the bulk liquid phase to the solid–liquid interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantifying the disparate nature of the transport and catalytic processes at different length scales would provide a key to the complete understanding of the depolymerization process. 11 Enzyme adsorption occurs on the external surface as well as on the pore surface of porous, amorphous xylan substrates, where Knudsen diffusion governs the transport of the enzyme molecules to the pore surface, 12 while the pore size distribution plays an important role in pore scale hydrolysis. 13 However, pretreatment of biomass alters the pore size distribution of the substrate, which in turn changes the diffusion dynamics of various molecules, resulting in hydrolysis rate and product yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the reactor scale, reactor mixing is used to overcome the mass transfer resistances engendered by high viscosity and enhance the hydrolysis rates and the reducing sugar yields. 11 Reactor-scale mixing (macromixing) reduces the convective timescale in the reactor as well as diffusive timescale in the boundary layer around the solid xylan particle, which in turn accelerates the transport of soluble enzymes from the bulk liquid phase to the solid−liquid interface. Thus, faster transport of the enzymes facilitates the adsorption on the external and pore surfaces of the substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiscale Dynamics of Hemicellulose Hydrolysis for Biofuel Production

Dutta

Chakraborty

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Hemicelluloses are the earth's second most abundant structural polymers and are found in lignocellulosic biomass. This work uses a tightly coupled experimental and theoretical analysis to show that the enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose is a two-phase multiscale reactive process, comprising the molecular scale, the pore scale, and the reactor scale. The pore scale is the smallest of these three scales, and the sequence of the length scales is given by reactor scale > molecular scale > pore scale. Enzyme adsorption to the solid xylan particles is the first important step in hemicellulose hydrolysis, followed by the cleaving of β-(1 → 4)-glycosidic bonds by an endoenzyme in solid and liquid phases. Our experiments show that enzyme adsorption and solid-phase hydrolysis primarily occur on the pore surface, with the former, though initially nonequilibrium, attaining equilibrium at 5 h. At the molecular scale, the products (xylose and xylobiose) inhibit the hydrolysis noncompetitively in both liquid-and solid-phase hydrolyses, and the nature of product inhibition remains unaltered by the mixing at the reactor scale. Model−experiment comparisons allow us to quantify the adsorption and desorption rate constants as well as the kinetic constants in the solid-and liquid-phase hydrolyses. The optimum solid loading is obtained as 5 mg/mL, above which substrate inhibition sets in. We develop an "optimal mixing" strategy comprising 55−70 min of initial reactor mixing followed by no mixing for the rest of the hydrolysis, which increases xylose and reducing sugar yields by 6.3−8% and 13−20%, respectively, over continuous mixing at 150 rpm for 1−5 mg/mL xylan, with an energy saving of 94−96% on reactor mixing over 24 h. We quantify the dominant phenomena and the determining timescales at each length scale, and we show that efficient depolymerization of solid carbohydrates results from coupled interscale interactions at various stages of the two-phase hydrolysis process.

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A Kinetic Framework for Microwave-Irradiated Catalytic Conversion of Lignocelluloses to Biofuel Precursors by Employing Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids

Roy

Chakraborty

2020

Clean Energy Production Technologies

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A multiscale three-zone reactive mixing model for engineering a scale separation in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Catalytic liquefaction of sewage sludge to small molecular weight chemicals

Catalytic liquefaction of sewage sludge to small molecular weight chemicals

Multiscale Dynamics of Hemicellulose Hydrolysis for Biofuel Production

A Kinetic Framework for Microwave-Irradiated Catalytic Conversion of Lignocelluloses to Biofuel Precursors by Employing Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids

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