A Multiscale Method Coupling Network and Continuum Models in Porous Media II—Single- and Two-Phase Flows

Lattice Boltzmann-Based Approaches for Pore-Scale Reactive Transport

“…However, the ultimate goal is to improve predictive capability at larger continuum and fi eld scales. As conventional homogenization and volume-averaging techniques are not valid due to process nonlinearity and the lack of scale separation, pore-scale modeling is enabling new methods of upscaling, including multiscale, multi-physics approaches (Chu et al 2013;Tomin and Lunati 2013;Varloteaux et al 2013;Scheibe et al 2015). A key assumption of the methods reviewed here is that all processes as well as the pore geometry can be quantifi ed unambiguously at the smallest scale (i.e., pore scale).…”

Mesoscale and Hybrid Models of Fluid Flow and Solute Transport

“…Specifi cally, pore-scale models were used as providers of accurate in/out-fl uxes at the boundaries of macroscopic control volumes. Chu et al (2013) extended this work to twophase fl ow problems, where pore-network models were used to track macroscopic two-phase drainage fronts (Fig. 8iv).…”

Dynamic coupling of pore-scale and reservoir-scale models for multiphase flow

“…Network properties such as throat conductances are nonlinear functions of the macroscopic properties at a much larger scale, which is designed to allow multiscale simulation of non-Darcy flow. Chu et al [2013] integrated a dynamic pore-scale model for immiscible displacement with a reservoir model for multiphase flow. They decoupled the pressure and saturation computations by using two separate sets of networks: networks placed at gridblock boundaries were used for pressure calculation, while separate networks were placed along the displacement front (where the saturation gradient is larger) to be used for saturation updates.…”

“…Joekar-Niasar et al [2010] used the aforementioned approach in which the phase conservation equations were solved simultaneously, and studied nonequilibrium capillarity effects and the dynamics of two-phase flow. This latter model was also used for the coupled model by Chu et al [2013] mentioned above.…”