A multipoint voltage-monitoring method for fuel cell inconsistency analysis

Hu, Zunyan; Xu, Liangfei; Li, Jianqiu; Gan, Qintao; Xu, Xin; Ouyang, Minggao; Song, Ziyou; Kim, Jinyong

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.09.077

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…(Lang et al , 2019) a polynomial regression function for the nonlinear U - j dependencies was used for area specific resistance analyses). Required property values for the construction of the failure probability function may also be directly obtained from experiments, including the performance curves for the thermodynamic model (Fang et al , 2015; Hu et al , 2018; Malafronte et al , 2018; Mosbak et al , 2013; Vijay et al , 2010b). In this work, the U - j and j - T s dependencies are taken from Ref.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability analysis for a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell system subject to operation condition-dependent degradation

Colombo

Schütz

Хартон

2020

JQME

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PurposeA reliability analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system is presented for applications with strict constant power supply requirements, such as data centers. The purpose is to demonstrate the effect when moving from a module-level to a system-level in terms of reliability, also considering effects during start-up and degradation.Design/methodology/approachIn-house experimental data on a system-level are used to capture the behavior during start-up and normal operation, including drifts of the operation point due to degradation. The system is assumed to allow replacement of stacks during operation, but a minimum number of stacks in operation is needed to avoid complete shutdown. Experimental data are used in conjunction with a physics-based performance model to construct the failure probability function. A dynamic program then solves the optimization problem in terms of time and replacement requirements to minimize the total negative deviation from a given target reliability.FindingsResults show that multi-stack SOFC systems face challenges which are only revealed on a system- and not on a module-level. The main finding is that the reliability of multi-stack SOFC systems is not sufficient to serve as sole power source for critical applications such as data center.Practical implicationsThe principal methodology may be applicable to other modular systems which include multiple critical components (of the same kind). These systems comprise other electrochemical systems such as further fuel cell types.Originality/valueThe novelty of this work is the combination of mathematical modeling to solve a real-world problem, rather than assuming idealized input which lead to more benign system conditions. Furthermore, the necessity to use a mathematical model, which captures sufficient physics of the SOFC system as well as stochasticity elements of its environment, is of critical importance. Some simplifications are, however, necessary because the use of a detailed model directly in the dynamic program would have led to a combinatorial explosion of the numerical solution space.

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Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability analysis for a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell system subject to operation condition-dependent degradation

Colombo

Schütz

Хартон

2020

JQME

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“…Membrane dry-out yields similar tremendous impacts [14][15][16]. Other effects, showing strong influence on the CDD of fuel cells are the coupling between thermal behavior, water balance and reactant media mass flows [17][18][19], local inhomogeneous compression [20,21] as well as defects due to production or degradation [16,[22][23][24][25][26]. Consequently, individual cells in a PEMFC stack can markedly deviate in their local electrochemical behavior from adjacent cells [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction phenomena of electrically coupled cells under local reactant starvation in automotive PEMFC stacks

Nissen,

Schrievers,

Huber

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Energy

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The local current density distribution of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells can be distorted by various error states. Differences in current density distributions of adjacent cells in a stack are equilibrized by in-plane currents within the sandwiched bipolar plates. Degradation stressors like detrimental differences of local cell voltage and current density maxima can thus be generated. A novel method was therefore developed to intentionally manipulate current density distribution profiles by integrating local artificial starvation to only one fuel cell in an assembly. This technique is applied in automotive-sized PEMFC single cell as well as in 20 cells short-stack to analyze such voltage and current redistribution phenomena. A drastic distortion of local cell voltage is only observed for stacks, which is explained by a supplementary simulation. The local voltage distribution of an electrically coupled fuel cell is therefore calculated by combining current density distribution measurements with a spatially resolved polarization curve model. The capabilities and limits of a multipoint cell voltage monitoring measurement device are discussed on this basis. The inspected correlation between these two independent online measurement techniques allows to localize such error states with considerable accuracy during operation of automotive sized PEMFC stacks.

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“…Fouquet et al [12] measured the impedance spectrum of a six-cell stack to evaluate the cell state of health (SoH) based on their proposed equivalent circuit model. When concerning cell inconsistency, a four-cell stack [14], a five-cell stack [15], and a customized stack [16] are applied in their studies, respectively. Hu et al [14] studied the inconsistency of different parts in a single cell under varying load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lin et al [15] analyzed the cell inconsistency under cold start-up and found the middle cell performed better than the bilateral ones while the cell degradation intensified from inlet to outlet. Moreover, the inconsistency phenomenon in a four-cell stack was investigated at the SoH of flooding, drying, and hydrogen starvation [16]. Inconsistency analysis on a small-scale stack is of significance to explore the propagative and evolutionary mechanisms among single cells inside.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inconsistent responses of cells on operating conditions in a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Zhang

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2021

Electrochimica Acta

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A multipoint voltage-monitoring method for fuel cell inconsistency analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Reliability analysis for a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell system subject to operation condition-dependent degradation

Reliability analysis for a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell system subject to operation condition-dependent degradation

Interaction phenomena of electrically coupled cells under local reactant starvation in automotive PEMFC stacks

Inconsistent responses of cells on operating conditions in a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

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