A multiplex <scp>PCR</scp>‐based technique for identification of <i>Biscogniauxia mediterranea</i> and <i>Obolarina persica</i> causing charcoal disease of oak trees in Zagros forests

Safaee, D.; Khodaparast, S. A.; Mirabolfathy, M.; Mousanejad, S.

doi:10.1111/efp.12330

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…and Quercus libani G. Olivier at lower abundances (Sabeti ). In the last decades, the charcoal disease has dramatically increased in some regions of the forests, affecting all three oak species (Safaee et al ). Within the affected stands, diseased oak trees are usually observed in patches (often of 0.3–2 ha) in which the proportion of symptomatic oaks is 1–20% (Safaee et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decades, the charcoal disease has dramatically increased in some regions of the forests, affecting all three oak species (Safaee et al ). Within the affected stands, diseased oak trees are usually observed in patches (often of 0.3–2 ha) in which the proportion of symptomatic oaks is 1–20% (Safaee et al ). Tree mortality events have been reported to increase in a variety of temperate forest ecosystems and were linked to drought stress resulting from elevated temperatures and decreased rainfall (Das et al , Wong and Daniel ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential physiological and biochemical responses of Quercus infectoria and Q. libani to drought and charcoal disease

Ghanbary

Kouchaksaraei

Zarafshar

et al. 2019

Physiologia Plantarum

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The vast oak-dominated forests of the Zagros Mountains in southwestern Iran currently undergo large-scale dieback driven by a combination of drought and increasing incidence of charcoal disease caused by the fungal pathogens Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica. Here, we explore the interactive effects between drought and charcoal disease agents on the physiology and biochemistry of Quercus infectoria and Quercus libani seedlings. The combination of pathogen attack and water limitation hampered plant development, especially in Q. libani seedlings, negatively affecting growth, biomass production, photosynthetic efficiency, and leaf water potential. An increase in markers of oxidative damage together with the upregulation of the antioxidant defense revealed that drought stress and pathogen infection led to pro-oxidative conditions in both oak species, especially in Q. libani, where larger changes in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide occurred. The upregulation of the antioxidant system was more prominent in Q. infectoria than in Q. libani, resulting in enhanced enzyme activity and accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Fungal infection stimulated the activity of chitinase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and -1,3-glucanase in Q. infectoria leaves and this response became more pronounced under water shortage. Our study highlights that drought stress greatly intensifies the effects of the charcoal disease. Moreover, our findings imply superior stress resistance of Q. infectoria conferred by a highly efficient antioxidant system, strong osmotic adjustment (through proline), and increases in resistance enzymes and secondary metabolites (phenols and flavonoids). Future investigations should focus on adult trees in their natural habitat including interactions with soil factors and other pathogens like nematodes, bacteria and other fungi. Because the present research was conducted on oak seedlings, the findings can be considered by forest nursery managers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential physiological and biochemical responses of Quercus infectoria and Q. libani to drought and charcoal disease

Ghanbary

Kouchaksaraei

Zarafshar

et al. 2019

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Given that B. rosacearum has recently been introduced very little is known on the extent of distribution, host range and mechanisms of dispersal of this fungus in Zagros region and other part of the country. Since most of Biscogniauxia species has been reported on oak trees in various part of the world 15 and B. mediterranea the close species to B. rosacearum has reported as a serious threat for oak trees in Zagros region 22 , 23 , it is important to consider close cultivation of grapevine to oak forests in Zagros region that may have inherent risks in terms of the availability and dispersal of viable inoculum between vineyards and oak forests. Thus, it is a necessity to focus on pathogenicity of this species on different grapevine cultivars and fruit and forest trees especially oak species in Zagros forests, population biology of this fungal pathogen including epidemiology and population genetics, and integrated disease management consisting a combination of strategies and tactics including biological agents, sanitation, resistant genetic resources, pruning, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far five species; Biscogniauxia anceps (on Diospyros lotus , Mespilus germanica , Parrotia persica , Quercus castaneifolia ), B. capnodes (on Quercus castaneifolia ), Biscogniauxia mediterranea (on Amygdalus scoparia , Quercus brantii , Quercus castaneifolia ), Biscogniauxia plana (on Diospyros lotus , Quercus castaneifolia ) and Biscogniauxia rosacearum (on Quercus castaneifolia ) have been reported from Iran 18 – 23 . The most important species Biscogniauxia mediterranea , the causal agent of charcoal canker of oak trees, is a well-known and serious threat for Zagros oak forests, west of Iran 22 , 23 . B. rosacearum characterized as a closely related species to B. mediterranea on seven different forest and fruit trees from Iran, Italy, Portugal and Spain 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biscogniauxia rosacearum the charcoal canker agent as a pathogen associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Zagros region of Iran

Bahmani

Abdollahzadeh

Amini

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are well-known and significant fungal diseases of Vitis vinifera with a worldwide distribution. During August to November 2016 in a survey to characterize fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Kermanshah Province (west of Iran) vineyards, 286 fungal isolates were obtained. Based on morphology and DNA sequences data eight species were identified, of which Biscogniauxia rosacearum, Neoscytalidium hyalinum and Phaeoacremonium minimum were the most aggressive fungal pathogenic species characterized in this research. N. hyalinum was the most prevalent species. N. hyalinum and Ph. minimum have previously been reported from Vitis vinifera. Thus far, there are two records of Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Biscogniauxia capnodes on grapevine in the world with no data on pathology aspects. To our knowledge, it is the first time B. rosacearum is reported from grapevine across the globe. Pathogenicity test with three strains of B. rosacearum on 2-year-old potted grapevines confirmed the pathogenicity of B. rosacearum on grapevine. The proximity of vineyards to the oak trees in Zagros forests as one of the plant hosts of Biscogniauxia spp. further highlights the need for extensive studies on B. rosacearum as a new fungal pathogen.

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“…Over the past few decades, oak charcoal disease has become a major problem in the forests of Zagros and Arasbaran, Iran, and is spreading rapidly, posing a serious threat to the survival of these forests. The disease, which is caused by Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica fungi, appears with high intensity due to long-term droughts in the target areas and increases the mortality of oak trees [ 5 , 6 ]. Chestnut blight is another important disease that has become an important challenge in forest areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide SNP Markers Accelerate Perennial Forest Tree Breeding Rate for Disease Resistance through Marker-Assisted and Genome-Wide Selection

Younessi-Hamzekhanlu

Gailing²

2022

IJMS

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The ecological and economic importance of forest trees is evident and their survival is necessary to provide the raw materials needed for wood and paper industries, to preserve the diversity of associated animal and plant species, to protect water and soil, and to regulate climate. Forest trees are threatened by anthropogenic factors and biotic and abiotic stresses. Various diseases, including those caused by fungal pathogens, are one of the main threats to forest trees that lead to their dieback. Genomics and transcriptomics studies using next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods can help reveal the architecture of resistance to various diseases and exploit natural genetic diversity to select elite genotypes with high resistance to diseases. In the last two decades, QTL mapping studies led to the identification of QTLs related to disease resistance traits and gene families and transcription factors involved in them, including NB-LRR, WRKY, bZIP and MYB. On the other hand, due to the limitation of recombination events in traditional QTL mapping in families derived from bi-parental crosses, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that are based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) in unstructured populations overcame these limitations and were able to narrow down QTLs to single genes through genotyping of many individuals using high-throughput markers. Association and QTL mapping studies, by identifying markers closely linked to the target trait, are the prerequisite for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and reduce the breeding period in perennial forest trees. The genomic selection (GS) method uses the information on all markers across the whole genome, regardless of their significance for development of a predictive model for the performance of individuals in relation to a specific trait. GS studies also increase gain per unit of time and dramatically increase the speed of breeding programs. This review article is focused on the progress achieved in the field of dissecting forest tree disease resistance architecture through GWAS and QTL mapping studies. Finally, the merit of methods such as GS in accelerating forest tree breeding programs is also discussed.

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A multiplex PCR‐based technique for identification of Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica causing charcoal disease of oak trees in Zagros forests

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Differential physiological and biochemical responses of Quercus infectoria and Q. libani to drought and charcoal disease

Differential physiological and biochemical responses of Quercus infectoria and Q. libani to drought and charcoal disease

Biscogniauxia rosacearum the charcoal canker agent as a pathogen associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Zagros region of Iran

Genome-Wide SNP Markers Accelerate Perennial Forest Tree Breeding Rate for Disease Resistance through Marker-Assisted and Genome-Wide Selection

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