“…Various approaches have been used in recent years to improve the predictive validity of methods for screening candidates in counselor education. Some investigators have concentrated on differences between counselors rated high and low in effectiveness on the basis of peer ratings (Arbuckle, 1956;Blocher, 1963;Dole, 1964;McDougall, 1961;Steffire, King, & Leafgren, 1962). Others have used ratings by counselor educators as a means for differentiating between the most and least competent counselors (Demos & Zuwaylif, 1966;Jansen, Robb, & Bonk, 1970).…”