A multiphysics understanding of internal short circuit mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries upon mechanical stress abuse

Duan, Xudong; Wang, Huacui; Jia, Yikai; Wang, Lubing; Liu, Binghe; Xu, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2021.12.018

Cited by 52 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In terms of the mechanical response, the force increases at first and then drops drastically due to the mechanical failure of the battery components (i.e., casing, anode, separator, and anode). [ 30 ] Almost simultaneously, the voltage drops to zero quickly, and both measured temperatures increase drastically. The fracture or deformation of the battery components leads to the contact between anode and cathode, [ 13 ] indicating a trigger of the ISC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Battery Safety Risk Evaluation: Aged Cells versus Fresh Cells Upon Mechanical Abusive Loadings

Jia

Gao

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Despite their wide applications, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been struggling with their safety risks arising from different lifetime stages. Here, the NCMA pouch cell is taken as an example, and the safety of both fresh and aged cells from three milestone stages, that is, internal short circuit (ISC) triggering risk, ISC mode, and the subsequent thermal runaway (TR) consequence is investigated. By combining mechanical abusive testing and physics‐based models on commercialized cells with various states‐of‐health (SOH) and states‐of‐charge, it is discovered that the ISC triggering delays with the decay of SOH and soft ISC mode will be triggered more frequently, which is mainly due to the mechanical behaviors of the current collectors. The temperature rises and peak temperature during the subsequent TR also become milder for aged cells due to the reduced capacity and deterministic soft ISC process. Results here provide a mechanistic explanation of the safety risk comparison between the fresh and aged cells, offering cornerstone guidance to the evaluation and design of next‐generation safer LIBs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Battery Safety Risk Evaluation: Aged Cells versus Fresh Cells Upon Mechanical Abusive Loadings

Jia

Gao

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Then, the voltage rebounds as the closed loop resistance increases. The closed loop resistance is the short circuit resistance of the contact pairs (such as anode and cathode, copper and cathode, copper and aluminum, anode and aluminum), 50 which increases due to the change of local temperature, stress state, etc. The increasing resistance reduces the short-circuit current, limiting the energy release rate and to some extent reducing the concentration of energy release.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Dependence in Responses of Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Under Mechanical Abuse

Chen

Xia

2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Unveiling the role of environmental temperature in the overall response of lithium-ion batteries under mechanical abuse and the underlying mechanism is necessary for comprehensively assessing crash safety of electric cars. In this study, both fresh samples and aged samples of a pouch-type battery cell are subjected to hemispherical indentation test at five different temperatures. Mechanical-electrical-thermal responses of all the cases are analyzed and compared. The mechanical response data indicate that higher temperature tends to lower the stiffness and the peak force of the cell under indentation. Component level tests focusing on tensile and compression behavior of electrodes are carried out to help in understanding the dominant mechanism. Regarding electrochemical activity of electrodes, an argon-protected testing method is developed to keep the electrode samples from air exposure so as to inspect the mechanical properties as close to the in-situ state as possible. Analysis on the uniform compression and hemispherical indentation of the stacked anode samples reasonably addresses the temperature dependence of the cell level mechanical response. It can be concluded that coupling effect in the mechanical behavior is almost negligible for the two factors, i.e., the environmental temperature and the aging degree, no matter at cell level or component level.

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“…State‐of‐the‐art commercial LIBs with Ni‐rich cathodes reach a specific energy of 250–300 Wh kg −1 , 2 and new innovations in battery materials are pushing even further towards 400 Wh kg −1 and beyond 3 . However, batteries with high energy density raise safety concerns due to the risk of thermal runaway, 4 or leakage of flammable liquids under mechanical abuse 5 . To prevent mechanical damage, protective components are usually required to reach safety requirements for certain applications, 6 which adds additional weight to the system and reduces the overall energy density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quasi‐solid polymer electrolyte‐based structural battery with high mechanical and electrochemical performance

Singer,

Hsieh,

Jin

et al. 2023

EcoMat

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Structural batteries are attractive for weight reduction in electric transportation. For their practical applications excellent mechanical properties and electrochemical performance are required simultaneously, which remains a grand challenge. In this study, we present a new scalable and low‐cost design, which uses a quasi‐solid polymer electrolyte (QSPE) to achieve both remarkably improved flexural properties and attractive energy density. The QSPE has a high ionic conductivity of 1.2 mS cm−1 and retains 91% capacity over 500 cycles in graphite/NMC532 cells. Moreover, the resulting structural batteries achieved a modulus of 21.7 GPa and a specific energy of 127 Wh kg−1 based on the total cell weight, which to our knowledge is the highest reported value above 15 GPa. We further demonstrate the application of such structural batteries in a model electric car. The presented design concept enables the industrialization of structural batteries in electric transportation and further applications to improve energy efficiency and multifunctionality.image

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A multiphysics understanding of internal short circuit mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries upon mechanical stress abuse

Cited by 52 publications

References 51 publications

Comprehensive Battery Safety Risk Evaluation: Aged Cells versus Fresh Cells Upon Mechanical Abusive Loadings

Comprehensive Battery Safety Risk Evaluation: Aged Cells versus Fresh Cells Upon Mechanical Abusive Loadings

Temperature Dependence in Responses of Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells Under Mechanical Abuse

A quasi‐solid polymer electrolyte‐based structural battery with high mechanical and electrochemical performance

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