A Multiobjective Approach for the Optimal Placement of Protection and Control Devices in Distribution Networks With Microgrids

Abstract

Protection and control systems represent an essential part of distribution networks by ensuring the physical integrity of components and by improving system reliability. Protection devices isolate a portion of the network affected by a fault, while control devices reduce the number of de-energized loads by transferring loads to neighboring feeders. The integration of distributed generation has the potential to enhance the continuity of energy services through islanding operation during outage conditions. In this context, this study presents a multi-objective optimization approach for sizing and allocating protection and control devices in distribution networks with microgrids supplied by renewable energy sources. Reclosers, fuses, remote-controlled switches, and directional relays are considered in the formulation. Demand and generation uncertainties define the islanding operation and the load transfer possibilities. A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is applied in the solution of the allocation problem considering two conflicting objectives: cost of energy not supplied and equipment cost. The compromise programming is then performed to achieve the best solution from the Pareto front. The results show interesting setups for the protection system and viability of islanding operation.

Capacity Management in Smart Grids Using Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure and Tabu Search

“…In the constructive phase, there are limiting parameters ∆P DG , α, p f , ∆p f , and β, ∆X and γ, also shown in Table 1. ENS and load-shedding costs are based on [22] and [11], respectively. This work considers a planning horizon of one year.…”

“…We assume that a section is defined as a set of branches and buses belonging to a device's protective zone. More details can be found in [22].…”

Underfrequency Load Shedding Strategy With an Adaptive Variation Capability for Multi-Microgrids

“…Under constantly changing operation conditions, an MMG can be unintentionally forced to switch to an islanded mode when the utility grids connected to the MMG fail [3]. In this power shortage scenario, output adjustment of the DGs and an underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) strategy are the keys to the safe operation of islanded MMGs [4,5]. Thus, it is necessary to achieve power balance through a UFLS strategy when an islanded MMG suffers a large power shortage.…”