A multidimensional, multilevel examination of mother and father involvement among culturally diverse Head Start families

Changing patterns of parent–teacher communication and parent involvement from preschool to school

“…However, other studies have failed to find such an association (McWayne, Campos, & Owsianik, 2008;Waanders, Mendez, & Downer, 2007). Parents with low levels of education may feel that they are too poorly educated to help in their child's classroom (Rimm-Kaufman & Pianta, 2005), and it is possible that employed parents may have less discretionary time to become involved during school hours (Castro et al, 2004).…”

School Influences on Parents' Role Beliefs

“…Recent research suggests that lower income parents, like middle and upper income parents, are actively involved in their children's education. In particular, these parents help their children with homework, enroll their children in extracurricular activities, maintain high expectations, provide a quiet space for work at home, and engage community resources for additional academic help (Lawson, 2003;McKay, Atkins, Hawkins, Brown, & Lynn, 2003;McWayne, Campos, & Owsianik, 2008;Wong & Hughes, 2006). Also like their suburban counterparts, many urban parents have been found to discuss the school day with their children, provide direct instruction on school assignments, monitor children's peer groups, attend parent-teacher conferences, and volunteer at the school (Ingram, Wolfe, & Lieberman, 2007;Ji & Koblinksy, 2009).…”

The investigation of the relationship between parents’ involvement level and academic achievement on secondary school students<p>Ortaokul öğrencilerinin anne-baba katılım düzeyi ile akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

“…It is seen that when compared with fathers, mothers' involvement level in their children's educational process is higher. In their studies in which they examine the relationship between sub-dimensions of parental involvement and demographical structure of the family, McWayne, Campos and Owsianik (2008) found that in all sub-dimensions of parental involvement mothers have higher involvement levels than fathers.…”