A multicolor carbon dot doped nanofibrous membrane for unclonable anti-counterfeiting and data encryption

Qiang, Shunfei; Yuan, Kun; Cheng, Yuehua; Long, Guoqiang; Zhang, Wenkai; Lin, Xin; Chai, Xiuli; Fang, Xiaomin; Ding, Tao

doi:10.1039/d3tc00794d

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The total authentication error probability (TAEP), involving the false-negative rate (FNR), and false-positive rate (FPR), is widely used to estimate PUF security levels. , As illustrated in Figure e, the FNR represents the probability of incorrect rejection of a valid PUF, whereas the FPR denotes the probability of incorrect acceptance of an invalid PUF. ,− Authentication is accepted only if the HD between the examined and registered responses is less than the authentication threshold. To minimize the TAEP of PT–PUF, we chose an optimized threshold of 0.217 for authentication.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To minimize the TAEP of PT–PUF, we chose an optimized threshold of 0.217 for authentication. With such an authentication threshold, the TAEP is 3.6428 × 10 –24 , which is significantly lower than the TAEP of other optical PUFs (4.06214 × 10 –12 , 3.2772 × 10 –12 , and 4.54 × 10 –12 ). ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With such an authentication threshold, the TAEP is 3.6428 × 10 −24 , which is significantly lower than the TAEP of other optical PUFs (4.06214 × 10 −12 , 3.2772 × 10 −12 , and 4.54 × 10 −12 ). 11,23,51 The randomness of the coding keys is characterized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test suite (NIST SP 800-22). 11,52 The statistical NIST test suite has 15 distinct components evaluating bitstream randomness.…”

Section: Maximal Randomness Of Pt−pufmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Unclonable Functions Based on Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles

Wang,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) based on uncontrollable fabrication randomness are promising candidates for anticounterfeiting applications. Currently, the most popular optical PUFs are generally constructed from the scattering, fluorescent, or Raman phenomenon of nanomaterials. To further improve the security level of optical PUFs, advanced functions transparent to the above optical phenomenon have always been perused by researchers. Herein, we propose a new type of PUF based on the photothermal effect of gold nanoparticles, which shows negligible scattering, fluorescent, or Raman responses. The gold nanoparticles are randomly dispersed onto the surface of fused silica, which can enhance the photothermal effect and facilitate high contrast responses. By tuning the areal density of the gold nanoparticles, the optimized encoding capacity (2 319 ) and the total authentication error probability (3.6428 × 10 −24 ) are achieved from our PUF due to excellent bit uniformity (0.519) and inter Hamming distances (0.503). Moreover, the intra-Hamming distance (0.044) indicates the desired reliability. This advanced PUF with invisible features and high contrast responses provides a promising opportunity to implement authentication and identification with high security.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Maximal Randomness Of Pt−pufmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Unclonable Functions Based on Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles

Wang,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The thermal stability of a PUF is crucial for the application in anticounterfeiting labels, ensuring reliability during shipping and storage. Figure (b) illustrates the comparison of thermal stability results for various PUFs. ,,,,− The analysis focused on the peak temperature values to facilitate an accurate comparison. The results indicate that recent developments in PUF thermal stability have significantly extended the operational temperature range, increasing the stability threshold from 50 to 1000 °C.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total authentication error probability (TAEP) is a primary metric for assessing the security level of PUFs, consisting of two main components: false negative rate (FNR) and false positive rate (FPR). As illustrated in Figure (e), the FPR is the probability that a counterfeit TIR-PUF is incorrectly identified as authentic by the authentication system, while the FNR is the likelihood that a genuine TIR-PUF is wrongly identified as counterfeit. − The authentication threshold is established based on the following criterion: the system authenticates the key only if the HD between the key and the one stored in the database is below the threshold. To minimize the TAEP, the authentication threshold for the TIR-PUF is set at 0.237, as indicated by “Auth-Threshold” in Figure (e).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Optical Physical Unclonable Function Based on Total Internal Reflection for Portable Authentication

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) utilize uncontrollable manufacturing randomness to yield cryptographic primitives. Currently, the fabrication of the most generally employed optical PUFs mainly depends on fluorescent, Raman, or plasmonic materials, which suffer inherent robustness issues. Herein, we construct an optical PUF with high environmental stability via total internal reflection (TIR-PUF) perturbed by randomly distributed polymer microspheres. The response image is transformed into encoded keys via an iterative binning procedure. The concentration of the polymer solution is optimized to debias the bit nonuniformity and maximize encoding capacity. The constructed TIR-PUF shows significantly high encoding capacity (2370) and markedly low total authentication error probability (1.614 × 10–23). The intra-Hamming distance is as low as 0.068, indicating the excellent readout reliability of TIR-PUF. The environmental stability of TIR-PUF has demonstrated promising results under a range of challenging conditions such as ultrasonic washing, high temperature, ultraviolet irradiation, and severe chemical environments. Moreover, the challenge-response pairs of our TIR-PUFs are demonstrated on an authentication system with low-power dissipation, lightweight components, and wireless imaging capture, rendering the possibility of portable authentication for practical applications.

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Tattoo‐Like Multi‐Color Physically Unclonable Functions

Kiremitler,

Esidir,

Drake

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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Advanced anti‐counterfeiting and authentication approaches are in urgent need of the rapidly digitizing society. Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) attract significant attention as a new‐generation security primitive. The challenge is design and generation of multi‐color PUFs that can be universally applicable to objects of varied composition, geometry, and rigidity. Herein, tattoo‐like multi‐color fluorescent PUFs are proposed and demonstrated. Multi‐channel optical responses are created by electrospraying of polymers that contain semiconductor nanocrystals with precisely defined photoluminescence. The universality of this approach enables the use of dot and dot‐in‐rod geometries with unique optical characteristics. The fabricated multi‐color PUFs are then transferred to a target object by using a temporary tattoo approach. Digitized keys generated from the red, green and blue fluorescence channels facilitate large encoding capacity and rapid authentication. Feature matching algorithms complement the authentication by direct image comparison, effectively alleviating constraints associated with imaging conditions. The strategy that paves the way for the development of practical, cost‐effective, and secure anticounterfeiting systems is presented.

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A multicolor carbon dot doped nanofibrous membrane for unclonable anti-counterfeiting and data encryption

Abstract: For modern security, devices, individuals, and communications require unprecedentedly unique identifiers and cryptographic keys. One emerging method for guaranteeing digital security is to take advantage of a physical unclonable function...

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Physical Unclonable Functions Based on Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles

Physical Unclonable Functions Based on Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles

Robust Optical Physical Unclonable Function Based on Total Internal Reflection for Portable Authentication

Tattoo‐Like Multi‐Color Physically Unclonable Functions

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