A Multichamber Model For Assessing Consumer Inhalation Exposure

Abstract

The Multihamber Consumer Exposure Modd (MCCEM) is a user-jwndly computer program that can be used to estimate indoor air concentrations and occupant inhalation exposures for chemicals released fiom products, materials, firnishings or appliances in structures such as re&ces. Among the major futures of MCCEM are fixibility in running the model for durations fiom one hour to one year, a libray of infiltration and i n m m l airflou, masurements for several hundred US. r e d m e s , a spreadsheet for input of time-varying emission rates, the ability to estimate inhalation exposure, and options for Monte Carl0 simulation and sensitivity analysis. An illustrative application is given whereby assumptions concerning the emission profile and the number of chambers to be modeled are examined for impact on exposure estimates. Dkcussion is provdd on the importance of modd validation and an appmach to validaria is given for the illustrative application. KEY WORDSIndoor air quality, Exposure assessment, Modeling, Multichamber, Monte Carlo simulation, Sensitivity analysis.

Modeling residential exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke

“…Research on modeling human exposure to air pollution, including multizone exposure in residences, has been active for a few decades (Ott et al, 1988;Sparks et al, 1991;Koontz and Nagda, 1991;Wilkes et al, 1992;Burke et al, 2001). However, previous modeling efforts have not precisely characterized the influence of housing characteristics and human activity on SHS exposure.…”

“…However, previous modeling efforts have not precisely characterized the influence of housing characteristics and human activity on SHS exposure. The current work builds on past proven multizone indoor air pollutant or exposure models and applications, particularly those by Nazaroff and Cass (1989), Sparks et al (1991), Koontz and Nagda (1991), Wilkes et al (1992), Miller and Nazaroff (2001), and Ott et al (2003). Our broad goals are to iden- tify and quantify important determinants of residential SHS exposure.…”

Assessment of Interindividual and Geographic Variability in Human Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Environmental Tobacco Smoke

“…summarize previous studies, and describe and evaluate a mass‐balance equation used in a chamber. ( 30 ) Examples of exposure models using mass‐balance approaches are SHAPE, THEM, APEX, Sequential Cigarette Exposure Model (SCEM), ( 30 ) Multi‐Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM), ( 45 ) and European Population Particle Exposure Model (EXPOLIS). ( 46 )…”

“…(44) Ott et al summarize previous studies, and describe and evaluate a mass-balance equation used in a chamber. (30) Examples of exposure models using massbalance approaches are SHAPE, THEM, APEX, Sequential Cigarette Exposure Model (SCEM), (30) Multi-Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM), (45) and European Population Particle Exposure Model (EXPOLIS). (46) Ott et al evaluate a linear regression equation for estimation of indoor respirable suspended particle (RSP) concentration based on penetration of ambient RSP.…”

Theoretical Background of Occupational-Exposure Models—Report of an Expert Workshop of the ISES Europe Working Group “Exposure Models”

“…Participants of the workshop explained that developing mass-balance-based exposuremodelling approaches for thousands of scenarios for chemical regulations (e.g., REACH) is currently not possible for practical reasons. Both modifying-factor approaches and massbalance-based exposure models have been applied for decades in regulatory occupational (e.g., [41,42]) and consumer (e.g., [43][44][45]) chemical safety assessments. At this time, it is also not possible to monitor a sufficient number of workplaces to account for the variance in exposure between workplaces.…”